With the rapid development of IPTV and multimedia services, users' requirements for access bandwidth continue to increase. The current copper wire access technology is difficult to meet users' requirements for high bandwidth, two-way transmission, and security. Before 2010, FTTB was the mainstream FTTx network construction model in China, and FTTH had only a small amount of trial construction. With the strong support of national policies and the rapid development of the industrial chain, and the continuous reduction of equipment and terminal costs, FTTH has the dual advantages of cost and technology. In the next few years, FTTH will be the first choice for broadband access technology for China's fiber optic broadband network.
GPON FTTH becomes the mainstream choice
At present, the main implementation technology of FTTx is PON. The following will compare EPON and GPON in PON technology from multiple angles.
Judging from the rate provided, the EPON uplink and downlink rates are both 1.25Gbit/s; GPON supports multiple rate levels, and supports asymmetric uplink and downlink rates (downlink 2.5Gbit/s, uplink 1.25Gbit/s or downlink 1.25Gbit/s, Upstream 625Mbit/s).
From the perspective of QoS, EPON implements dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) through the state machine and timer of the MPCP multipoint control protocol. The MPCP protocol includes ONU sending time slot allocation, ONU automatic discovery and joining, reporting of congestion and DBA to higher layers Content, but the protocol does not classify service priority levels, and various services can only compete for bandwidth randomly; while GPON has a more complete DBA function, which divides bandwidth allocation methods into multiple types, such as fixed bandwidth, guaranteed bandwidth, and non-guaranteed Bandwidth, best-effort bandwidth allocation, etc.;
From the perspective of OAM functions, EPON only has simple ONU remote fault indication, loopback, and link detection; while GPON defines physical layer and high-level OAM management functions respectively, and realizes data encryption, status detection, error monitoring, and QoS parameters. , Request configuration information and performance statistics and other OAM functions.
In summary, GPON can provide more high-speed and flexible bandwidth mechanisms, richer QoS management functions and OAM management functions, and in the current FTTH deployment phase, GPON technology, chips and products have matured, and the cost is only slightly higher. EPON, so GPON will become the mainstream technology deployed in FTTH networks.
FTTH should adopt symmetrical splitting
One of the core components of the FTTH network is an optical splitter, as a passive optical device, it can divide an optical signal into multiple optical signals and complete the opposite process.
According to the power ratio of splitting, the optical splitter can be divided into symmetrical (such as 1:16 splitting) and asymmetrical (such as splitting ratio of 10:90). In order to reduce power consumption, make full use of port resources and simplify the calculation of optical path loss, FTTH networks generally use symmetrical splitting.
According to the optical splitting cascade structure, it can be divided into first-class and multi-class optical splitting: the first-class optical splitting is characterized by single-point maintenance, high port utilization, low insertion loss, and convenient maintenance and management. For general applications such as urban areas, in principle, use the first-level splitting method in FTTH networking to facilitate future maintenance and management; for special applications, such as some residential projects or locations with relatively scattered users in rural areas, you can use two The way of grade splitting is 1:8 for primary splitting and 1:8 for secondary splitting. The primary splitting is in the optical cross box, and the secondary splitting is generally in the place where users are relatively concentrated.
In fiber-to-the-building (FTTB) and fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC) access methods, the fiber does not need to enter the user’s home, or even indoors, so that the copper cable resources laid in the early stage can be used, and it is generally not required Construction of existing building structures. As for the FTTH mode, the optical fiber needs to enter the user's home, so it needs to penetrate the wall and floor hole.
ODN operation and maintenance problems urgently need to be solved
Optical Distribution Network (ODN) is an important part of the FTTH network. ODN accounts for more than 50% of the total FTTH investment. With the expansion of the FTTH network scale, how to effectively manage the massive optical cables and ports of the ODN network, and conduct timely and accurate detection of possible faults has become a research focus.
Based on existing methods, ODN network operation and maintenance management is very difficult.
One, the installation process mainly relies on paper work orders and manual operation, the construction error rate is high, and the construction result feedback is not timely.
Second, it is impossible to monitor the status of the optical fiber port, and the port utilization rate is low. Unable to implement control over illegal plug-in, illegal jumper and other behaviors.
Third, it is impossible to quickly and accurately locate fiber failures (fibers are damaged, such as road construction excavation and other reasons).
Fourth, the main way for operation and maintenance personnel to deal with failures is to report failures by telephone. The maintenance personnel are arranged to troubleshoot the failure stage by stage, which is time-consuming and laborious and the effect is mediocre. Failure to quickly recover from critical equipment failures (such as OLT upgrades).
The introduction of optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) and intelligent ODN technology will effectively solve the above problems. OTDR can detect the loss and disconnection of optical fiber links in real time; and intelligent ODN can realize the electronic construction and maintenance of ODN And the perceptibility of optical fiber ports.
is backward compatible with 10G PON and NG PON2
With the advancement of FTTH network construction, PON technology is also evolving to the next generation. On the basis of EPON, IEEE completed the formulation of the 10G EPON standard in September 2009, and ITU/FSAN also completed the standardization of 10G GPON in June 2010 on the basis of GPON. Although this 10G PON technology is not yet mature, the optical module and cost are still relatively high, but as users demand for high-bandwidth services, it is expected that under the dual drive of business and technology, in the next few years, 10G PON technology will gradually become commercial . At the same time, higher transmission rates can be provided, and NG PON2 standards based on technologies such as TWDM-PON and WDM-PON are also being formulated.
In order to ensure the smooth evolution of the network and protect the investment of the existing network as much as possible, the coexistence of the existing PON network and the 10G PON network needs to be considered in the construction of the FTTH network. Since the investment in the ODN network accounts for a large proportion of the overall investment in the FTTH network, in the coexistence strategy, the reuse of resources such as optical splitters and optical fibers in the ODN network should be considered; in addition, the OLT rack and wavelength division multiplexing equipment should also be considered (WDM1r) and other equipment for shared use.
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How far(long) the transmitter cover?
The transmission range depends on many factors. The true distance is based on the antenna installing height , antenna gain, using environment like building and other obstructions , sensitivity of the receiver, antenna of the receiver . Installing antenna more high and using in the countryside , the distance will much more far.
EXAMPLE 5W FM Transmitter use in the city and hometown:
I have a USA customer use 5W fm transmitter with GP antenna in his hometown ,and he test it with a car, it cover 10km(6.21mile).
I test the 5W fm transmitter with GP antenna in my hometown ,it cover about 2km(1.24mile).
I test the 5W fm transmitter with GP antenna in Guangzhou city ,it cover about only 300meter(984ft).
Below are the approximate range of different power FM Transmitters. ( The range is diameter )
0.1W ~ 5W FM Transmitter ：100M ~1KM
5W ~15W FM Ttransmitter : 1KM ~ 3KM
15W ~ 80W FM Transmitter : 3KM ~10KM
80W ~500W FM Transmitter : 10KM ~30KM
500W ~1000W FM Transmitter : 30KM ~ 50KM
1KW ~ 2KW FM Transmitter : 50KM ~100KM
2KW ~5KW FM Transmitter : 100KM ~150KM
5KW ~10KW FM Transmitter : 150KM ~200KM
How to contact us for the transmitter?
Call me +8618078869184 OR
Email me [email protected]
1.How far you want to cover in diameter ?
2.How tall of you tower ?
3.Where are you from ?
And we will give you more professional advice.
About Us
FMUSER.ORG is a system integration company focusing on RF wireless transmission / studio video audio equipment / streaming and data processing .We are providing everything from advice and consultancy through rack integration to installation, commissioning and training.
We offer FM Transmitter, Analog TV Transmitter, Digital TV transmitter, VHF UHF Transmitter, Antennas, Coaxial Cable Connectors, STL, On Air Processing, Broadcast Products for the Studio, RF Signal Monitoring, RDS Encoders, Audio Processors and Remote Site Control Units, IPTV Products, Video / Audio Encoder / Decoder, designed to meet the needs of both large international broadcast networks and small private stations alike.
Our solution has FM Radio Station / Analog TV Station / Digital TV Station / Audio Video Studio Equipment / Studio Transmitter Link / Transmitter Telemetry System / Hotel TV System / IPTV Live Broadcasting / Streaming Live Broadcast / Video Conference / CATV Broadcasting system.
We are using advanced technology products for all the systems, because we know the high reliability and high performance are so important for the system and solution . At the same time we also have to make sure our products system with a very reasonable price.
We have customers of public and commercial broadcasters, telecom operators and regulation authorities , and we also offer solution and products to many hundreds of smaller, local and community broadcasters .
FMUSER.ORG has been exporting more than 15 years and have clients all over the world. With 13 years experience in this field ,we have a professional team to solve customer's all kinds of problems. We dedicated in supplying the extremely reasonable pricing of professional products & services. Contact email : [email protected]
Our Factory
We have modernization of the factory . You are welcome to visit our factory when you come to China.
At present , there are already 1095 customers around the world visited our Guangzhou Tianhe office . If you come to China , you are welcome to visit us .
At Fair
This is our participation in 2012 Global Sources Hong Kong Electronics Fair . Customers from all over the world finally have a chance to get together.
Where is Fmuser ?
You can search this numbers " 23.127460034623816,113.33224654197693 " in google map , then you can find our fmuser office .
FMUSER Guangzhou office is in Tianhe District which is the center of the Canton . Very near to the Canton Fair , guangzhou railway station, xiaobei road and dashatou , only need 10 minutes if take TAXI . Welcome friends around the world to visit and negotiate .
Contact: Sky Blue
Cellphone: +8618078869184
WhatsApp: +8618078869184
Wechat: +8618078869184
E-mail: [email protected]
QQ: 727926717
Skype: sky198710021
Address: No.305 Room HuiLan Building No.273 Huanpu Road Guangzhou China Zip:510620
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English: We accept all payments , such as PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, Alipay, Money Bookers, T/T, LC, DP, DA, OA, Payoneer, If you have any question , please contact me [email protected] or WhatsApp +8618078869184
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Every of our item list page bottom on top have a paypal logo to pay.
Credit Card.If you do not have paypal,but you have credit card,you also can click the Yellow PayPal button to pay with your credit card.
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But if you have not a credit card and not have a paypal account or difficult to got a paypal accout ,You can use the following:
Western Union.  www.westernunion.com
Pay by Western Union to me :
First name/Given name: Yingfeng
Last name/Surname/ Family name: Zhang
Full name: Yingfeng Zhang
Country: China
City: Guangzhou
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T/T . Pay by T/T (wire transfer/ Telegraphic Transfer/ Bank Transfer)
First BANK INFORMATION (COMPANY ACCOUNT):
SWIFT BIC: BKCHHKHHXXX
Bank name: BANK OF CHINA (HONG KONG) LIMITED, HONG KONG
Bank Address: BANK OF CHINA TOWER, 1 GARDEN ROAD, CENTRAL, HONG KONG
BANK CODE: 012
Account Name : FMUSER INTERNATIONAL GROUP LIMITED
Account NO. : 012-676-2-007855-0
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Second BANK INFORMATION (COMPANY ACCOUNT):
Beneficiary: Fmuser International Group Inc
Account Number: 44050158090900000337
Beneficiary's Bank: China Construction Bank Guangdong Branch
SWIFT Code: PCBCCNBJGDX
Address: NO.553 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong,Tianhe District, China
**Note: When you transfer money to our bank account, please DO NOT write anything in the remark area, otherwise we won't be able to receive the payment due to government policy on international trade business.
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* It will be sent in 1-2 working days when payment clear.
* We will send it to your paypal address. If you want to change address, please send your correct address and phone number to my email [email protected]
* If the packages is below 2kg,we will be shipped via post airmail, it will take about 15-25days to your hand.
If the package is more than 2kg,we will ship via EMS , DHL , UPS, Fedex fast express delivery,it will take about 7~15days to your hand.
If the package more than 100kg , we will send via DHL or air freight. It will take about 3~7days to your hand.
All the packages are form China guangzhou.
* Package will be sent as a "gift" and declear as less as possible,buyer don't need to pay for "TAX".
* After ship, we will send you an E-mail and give you the tracking number.
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For Warranty .
Contact US--->>Return the item to us--->>Receive and send another replace .
Name: Liu xiaoxia
Address: 305Fang HuiLanGe HuangPuDaDaoXi 273Hao TianHeQu Guangzhou China.
ZIP:510620
Phone: +8618078869184
Please return to this address and write your paypal address,name,problem on note: |
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