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    How far can the FM transmitter transmit? How to calculate it?

     

     

    When we set up a radio station, all we know is the area that needs to be covered. But how many watts of FM transmitters can meet the requirements, we are usually uncertain. And this article can give you some ideas and methods. So this article mainly talks about the factors that affect the transmission distance of the FM broadcast transmitter, the FM transmitter power vs range, how to calculate the coverage of the radio transmitter, and how to improve the radio transmission distance of the transmitter.

     

     Welcome to share this post if it is helpful to you!

    #Content

    1. Factors That Influence The Cover Range of FM Broadcast Transmitter
    2. FM Transmitter Power vs Range
    3. How to Calculate Radio Transmitter Range
    4. How to Increase FM Transmitter Range

     

     

     

    1. Factors That Influence The Cover Range of FM Broadcast Transmitter
     

    Many FM radio owners, managers and practitioners often ask "How many kilometers will my 5w FM transmitter, 15w FM transmitter, 30w FM transmitter, 50w FM transmitter, 100w FM transmitter, 300w FM transmitter, 500 watt FM transmitter, 1000 watts FM transmitter, 2000w FM transmitter, 3kw FM transmitter, and 5kw FM transmitter go?" These questions do not have a simple or a single answer. The reason is, there are so many factors that will determine how far your FM broadcast transmitter will travel. In theory, the range of a transmitted radio signal is infinite regardless of power used, basically it goes on and on forever until it encounters an obstruction. More FM transmitter power helps to penetrate any obstructions. Given this, when engineering and planning a station it is always better to consider these factors that limit the range. The factors affecting the transmission distance of the FM transmitter can be summarized as follows:

     
    1) The output power of the FM transmitter (TPO)
    This is the most important factor. The larger FM transmission power is, the greater communication distance. But in fact, due to the cost, the transmitter output is limited.


    2) Type of coaxial cable used.


    3) Coaxial cable consumption (cable length).


    4) Type and gain of antenna used
    The higher antenna is, the farther communication distance. When the transmitter use high-gain directional antennas, it can significantly improve the communication direction of the power density (field strength). The receiver uses a high gain directional antennas can significantly improve the signal / noise ratio and improve the reception field strength, thus to dramatically improve communication distance. Currently, the antennas suitable for ISM / SRD band-free license to use wireless communication devices are the following:

    (1) Whip antenna (helical antennas, rod antenna): Gain 0 ~ 3.5dB, suitable for portable mobile hand-held machine
    (2) The gain sucker Antenna: gain of 5.5 ~ 7dB, for a fixed machine and vehicle
    (3) High Gain Omni-directional Antenna: gain 8.5 ~ 10dB, need outdoor installation, fixed network unit
    (4) High-gain directional antenna: gain of 10 ~ 12dB, need outdoor installation, suitable for long-distance fixed-machine


    Note: the higher gain antenna has the larger geometric dimensions. In particular, high-gain directional or omni- directional antennas require outdoor installation in order to play their best. Therefore, need to consider the installation and using convenience when choose antenna. And click here to look the introdution of commonly used antenna types


    5) The height of the FM antenna above the average terrain (HAAT)
    A variety of conditions are the same, the higher of antenna height from the ground plane, the farther communication distance. Especially in the urban environment, raising the height of the antenna can be much greater impact the communication distance than increasing the transmit power.


    6) The number and height of trees and buildings in the area around the antenna.


    7) Type of terrain (flat or hilly) around the antenna site.


    8) The effective heights of FM antenna
    A variety of conditions are the same, the higher of FM antenna height from the ground plane, the farther communication distance. Especially in the urban environment, Raising the height of the antenna can be much greater impact the communication distance than increasing the transmit power.   

     

                                          

    2. FM Transmitter Power vs Range

    Assuming the antenna has a clear view, the frequency is clear and an average quality portable receiver is used, typical transmission power range figures are as follows:

     

     

    Transmitter power vs range

    transmitter power cover range transmitter power cover range
    15w FM radio transmitter 3km 500w FM transmitter 35km
    30w FM transmitter 5km 1000w FM transmitter 40km
    50w FM radio transmitter 10km 1500w FM transmitter 50km
    100w FM transmitter 15km 2000w FM transmitter 60km
    150w FM transmitter 20km 5000w FM broadcast transmitter 80km
    350w FM radio transmitter 30km 10kw FM transmitter 100km

     

     

     

    3. How to Calculate Radio Transmitter Range

    Items you will need:
    · Measurement of the height of the broadcast antenna
    · Measurement of the wattage of the radio broadcast

     

    A logarithmic formula is used to calculate the loss of a signal strength over a set distance. The basic formula is 10n * log10 (d) + C, where d is the distance of the transmission, n is the path loss exponent and C is a constant. For a broadcast of 6 watts, the transmission range will be 3 miles. At 15 watts, the range increases to 5 miles, at 40 watts to 10 miles and at 100 watts to 15 miles. The general rule of thumb is it will take four times the power to double the transmission distance.

     

     

    4. How to increase FM Transmitter Range

    Solution 1 – Correctly Position the FM Transmitter
    Place the FM transmitter and antenna in a place with less obstructions, such as a flat terrain or a place with high altitude.

     

    Solution 2 – Increase the power of the FM transmitter
    In addition to changing the position of the transmitter to reduce the influence of these factors, we can
    also increase the transmission distance of the FM radio transmitter through high-quality products.  This is the most direct way to increase the transmission distance of the transmitter. The greater the power, the wider the transmission range. Fmuser.org is a professional manufacturer of transmitters and related products, where you can get higher quality products at a more favorable price.

    1kw fm transmitter

    long range FM transmitter   

     

    Solution 3 -  To maximize the effective height of antenna
    Communication distance and the square root of the product of the effective height of T/R antenna is proportional. Improving the antenna effective height can significantly expand the communication distance, especially in the urban environment, setting the antenna in the roof can avoid a lot of obstacles and away from sources of interference, thus, expanding the scope of communication.
     
    Solution 4 - Use high-gain antenna
    Antennas are passive devices, which itself can’t amplify the signal, but the high-gain antennas can significantly improve the communication direction of the energy density, improve the signal / noise ratio, then, expanding the scope of communication. Its role is similar with the flashlight searchlight condenser.
    Transmitter using high-gain directional antennas can significantly improve the communication direction of the signal strength. The receiver uses a high gain directional antennas can significantly improve the communication direction of the received signal field strength and signal / noise ratio. Thus significantly expand communication distance. But only for the same direction communication, and the cost is quite high, the antenna geometry large, weight is also heavier, only suitable for fixed installation.

    FM dipole antenna

    FM dipole antenna 

     
    Solution 5 - Try to shorten the length of RF cables
    The RF coaxial cable which is used to connect to the wireless communication equipment and an outdoor antenna has a certain degree of loss RF signals. For example, 50-3 cable loss of 0.2dB / m, 50-7-type cable loss of 0.1dB / m , 50-9-type cable loss of 0.07dB / m. The longer of the cable is, the greater loss. The increase of the loss transmit RF signal will lead to a decline of the communication distance. Therefore, RF components can be mounted directly to the bottom of the outdoor antenna when it is necessary. The connection between the RF components and user's system is a multi-core shielded cable.

     

    Solution 6 - Using Studio Transmitter Link (STL)
    Studio Transmitter Link ( STL) can help any place where you have resources to become a radio station, so that the connection between your studio and the radio station is not affected by mountains, trees, and building obstacles. Even the height of the transmission tower you rent is only 1/3 of the surrounding buildings,you also can create an exclusive radio station perfectly.

    studio transmitter link

    FM Studio Transmitter Link

    Solution 7 - Using FM Radio Broadcast Relay System
    Many users also call it as local: fm relay station, broadcast relay station, relay transmitter, complementary station, broadcast translator, repeater, re-broadcaster. STL can only be point to-point. If there is a one-to-many point, multiple sets of STL systems must be used, and the price is high, the installation is troublesome, and it is seriously affected by the environment. Now we only need to install the Relay broadcasting system at different transmitter sites, which solves the problem of program transmission and also solves the problem of broadcasting stations, because FM broadcast relay system is not only a receiver but also a broadcaster.

    FM Radio Broadcast Relay System

     

       

     

     

    You may also like:

    1.  Difinition of antenna gain / calculation formula / transmission power

    2.  The principle of antenna

      

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