With the accelerating process of All IP, a new generation of optical transmission technologies represented by OTN and PTN are replacing the positions of DWDM and MSTP and gradually becoming the mainstream products of optical transmission. OTN and PTN are new technologies and new product forms. How to rationally and effectively select and plan networks in metro and local networks, and how to effectively conduct joint networking, has undoubtedly become the focus of attention in the current industry.
1 Brief analysis of OTN and PTN technology
1.1 OTN technology
OTN is evolved from DWDM technology, and on its basis, it follows the standards established by the G.709 protocol to re-encapsulate the line-side interface of the OTU, and can flexibly introduce electrical and optical crossovers as needed. This change enables it to lead DWDM by a large margin in terms of OAM and service scheduling capabilities. Therefore, OTN technology is regarded as the most competitive next-generation backbone network transmission technology.
1.2 PTN technology
The emergence of PTN has subverted many characteristics of traditional optical transmission products to a certain extent. It retains the easy management, maintenance and multiple service protection capabilities of MSTP. At the same time, it has carried out a comprehensive transformation of the traditional cross-core part, and realized the circuit The evolution of the exchange mechanism to the packet exchange mechanism has the capabilities of flexible bandwidth allocation, statistical multiplexing and differentiated services. The core technology of PTN determines that it has a natural advantage in carrying IP services.
2 Advantages of using OTN+PTN joint networking
Before discussing the problem of OTN+PTN joint networking, first analyze the advantages and disadvantages of their respective technologies, so as to make good use of their strengths and complement each other to form an efficient and secure next-generation transport network.
(1) OTN technical advantages
The advantage of OTN is that it is good at solving the problems of ultra-long-distance and ultra-large bandwidth transmission of IP services. It can provide transmission channels for a large number of large-particle services such as 2.5 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s or even 40 Gbit/s, which is difficult for PTN to achieve. However, the bandwidth allocation of OTN is also rigid, the bandwidth utilization rate is not high, and it is difficult to process small-grain services.
(2) PTN technical advantages
The beauty of PTN technology is that it perfectly combines data technology and transmission technology, large-capacity packet switching/label switching technology, QoS technology from the data aspect, OAM management from transmission, 50 ms protection and synchronization, which can make the operator's foundation The network facility obtains the greatest technological advantage, strengthens the flexibility and reduces the cost for the rapid deployment of new applications in the future. The advantage of .PTN is reflected in the flexible access of small-granular IP services and the convergence and convergence of services, and it is not good at delivering large-granular services.
Whether it is considered from the long-distance transmission of the business or from the perspective of the rapid growth of IP-based services in the future, it is very necessary to adopt the OTN+PTN joint networking mode. Taking into account the many advantages of the joint networking model, except in areas where there is no OTN or where OTN cannot cover the backbone core points in the short term, it is recommended to use the joint networking method for the construction of metro local networks. The OTN+PTN joint networking model, with its powerful IP service access, convergence and flexible scheduling capabilities, will help promote the evolution of the metro transmission network to a unified and converged flat network. It is a next-generation transmission network for all operators. The best choice.
3 How to network with OTN+PTN
OTN is a large-capacity networking technology with photoelectric joint scheduling. The electrical layer implements sub-wavelength-based scheduling, such as GE, 2.5 Gbit/s, and 10 Gbit/s particles; optical layer scheduling uses 10 Gbit/s or 40 Gbit/s wavelengths Mainly located at the backbone/core layer in the network. PTN is similar to MSTP and is mostly used in the convergence/access layer of the network.
In the existing network, OTN is often used at the core backbone layer, and PTN networking is used at the aggregation layer and below, making full use of OTN to dispatch uplink services to the PTN affiliated service landing sites. In the joint networking mode, OTN is not only a means of carrying, but also through it is used to schedule the GE/10GE services connected to the backbone nodes and the associated cross-landing equipment. The number of uplink GE/10GE channels can be adjusted according to The total number of services actually accessed in the PTN is configured on demand, which greatly simplifies the network formation between the backbone node and the core node, and avoids the loop caused by the upgrade of the service capacity of a node in the PTN independent networking mode All node equipment must be upgraded, which greatly saves network investment. The typical networking is shown in Figure 1.
4 Problems that should be paid attention to in OTN+PTN joint networking
As new technical forms, OTN and PTN have no long-term large-scale networking experience. They often interact and complement each other in actual networking. Therefore, issues to be considered when adopting OTN+PTN combined networking mode There are often many, not only the limitations of each level of technology itself, but also the mutual involvement between OTN and PTN, which requires careful consideration and unified deployment during planning and construction.
(1) Equipment interoperability issues
Both PTN and OTN are emerging technologies. While OTN inherits the large-capacity transmission function of DWDM, it also introduces flexible scheduling functions based on wavelengths and sub-wavelengths. Its biggest feature lies in its fully open system architecture and the services it carries. It is the relationship between the customer layer and the service layer, which can be said to be an inherently transparent transmission platform. The joint networking of OTN+PTN is no exception. As a transparent transmission platform, OTN provides transmission channels for the PTN of the convergence layer and the access layer. The relationship between the two, such as the service layer and the client layer, is independent of each other. Similar to the WDM and SDH network relationships that have been deployed in large numbers. OTN bears PTN, just like WDM bears SDH.
(2) Accurate time synchronization problem
Time synchronization is a new requirement put forward by the 3G mobile standard. Especially for the three major operators in China, there is currently no accurate time synchronization network. Therefore, when building a transmission network, special attention should be paid to the problem of accurate time synchronization. From the perspective of the technical system of ground transmission time synchronization, accurate time synchronization is mainly accomplished through the IEEE 1588v2 protocol. Due to the combined networking mode of OTN+PTN, OTN equipment is deployed at the backbone core layer of the network, PTN equipment is deployed at the convergence and access layer, and the time source is first deployed at the RNC side of the local network core computer room, and the RNC first synchronizes time information. Passed to the core layer PTN, the core layer PTN is then passed to the core layer OTN equipment, and the OTN equipment is then transmitted to the other layer PTN equipment for precise time synchronization of the entire network. At present, the PTN bearer 1588v2 protocol has become a basic technology of PTN, and mainstream manufacturers have passed a large number of tests. If the OTN+PTN joint networking mode is adopted, OTN is required to support the function of accurate time transmission. At present, this is a new research topic, and the actual demand is already very obvious, but the maturity of the technology has obviously not reached the PTN transmission time. The phase of synchronization. From the perspective of OTN transmission time synchronization technology of mainstream manufacturers, there are currently three main implementation solutions: 1 GE/10 GE transparent transmission solution, OSC out-of-band transmission solution, and OTN in-band overhead transmission solution. The actual networking can be based on requirements and The advantages and disadvantages of different schemes are selected or combined.
(3) Protection issues
The security of the network is above all else. Regardless of whether the OTN or PTN networking is adopted, a unified consideration of network protection is required. OTN equipment is deployed at the backbone core layer of the network, and PTN equipment is deployed at the convergence and access layer. A large number of service intercommunication and scheduling are often required between various layers, and end-to-end or segmented protection is required for services.
(4) Interface problems
In metropolitan area networks and local networks, data services often dominate the business, especially GE and 10 GE services. When the OTN+PTN joint networking mode is adopted, there are a large number of PTN and OTN client-side interfaces for business connection through GE and 10 GE interfaces. Pay attention to the consistency of the interfaces in the networking. Take 10 GE signals as an example. ITU-T defines several mapping methods for 10 GE LAN signals in OTN networks in G.709 and G.sup43, including standard GFP-F method G.sup43 6.2, ODU2e method G.709 17.1.4 and extended In GFP-F/OPU2 mode G.709 17.3.1, the consistency of encapsulation and mapping signals should be maintained.
(5) Network management issues
From the perspective of network management, generally speaking, the PTN and OTN of the current mainstream manufacturers in the industry can implement a common network management platform to facilitate network maintenance. In the joint networking mode of PTN and OTN, OTN is often positioned at the core layer, and PTN is positioned at the aggregation and access layers. A large number of service intercommunication and scheduling are required between various layers, so whether it is in service opening or network management In terms of their own maintenance needs, higher requirements have been put forward.
(6) Maintenance of the network
In metropolitan area networks and local networks, there are multiple levels of equipment and complex networking, which brings great difficulty to network fault location. When OTN+PTN is used for networking, both PTN and OTN technologies inherit the powerful hierarchical OAM management mechanism of SDH, and service encapsulation will have corresponding rich overhead for monitoring. PTN OAM includes client layer OAM and channel layer OAM , Channel layer OAM and segment layer OAM, OTN supports 6 levels of TCM, SM, PM, etc., each layer provides fault and performance OAM to achieve real-time and accurate fault location at different levels.
5 Introduction to Hubei Mobile OTN+PTN Joint Networking Solution
Data services based on IP services are the main driving force for the development of the world's information industry. With the rapid development of domestic broadband Internet services, there is a huge demand for transmission bandwidth. As the leading mobile operator in Hubei Province, Hubei Mobile's IP business is gradually becoming one of the most important sources of income. Hubei Mobile's existing transmission network has been built and expanded for many periods, and it has been difficult to meet the needs of social and economic development. In order to provide society with higher-quality mobile communications and broadband Internet services, Hubei Mobile’s backbone transmission network must improve its business support and guarantee capabilities. After long-term technical demonstrations and strict equipment selection and testing, Hubei Mobile finally decided to choose Fiberhome Communications conducts strategic cooperation and adopts OTN+PTN joint networking technology to jointly build next-generation optical transmission networks in Wuhan, Huangshi, Huanggang, Xianning and other cities. The typical networking structure is shown in Figure 2.
In Hubei Mobile's full-service bearer network, the backbone convergence layer is scheduled by OTN equipment. The project is divided into business areas and newly built a large number of convergence nodes to form a high-speed OTN system ring network. Each ring network considers dual nodes to achieve load at the core node. Sharing, effectively improving the system capacity of the core layer, while resisting the network risk caused by a single node failure. The OTN system in each business area serves as the uplink aggregation node for all services in the business area. The OTN equipment in the business area constitutes the OTN convergence layer of the entire network, which can quickly realize the flexible scheduling of large-capacity and large-particle services. In each business area, PTN equipment is used as the access and convergence node for base station services and dedicated line services in the business area. The PTN convergence nodes in all business areas form a packetized convergence layer, thereby creating a safe, efficient, and carrier-grade IP multiplexer. Service bearing platform. All network access nodes and base stations are connected with FE optical ports. All PTN services are connected to the PTN equipment of the OTN aggregation node and OTN. The large-capacity PTN equipment at the core node realizes the reintegration of services and flexible communication with the service level. , The network model and business organization are shown in Figure 3.
The newly-built OTN network can be used to carry all the data services of the existing network. Its large capacity satisfies the needs of future service expansion and lays a solid foundation for the steady and gradual development of the network. The OTN client side can flexibly access services such as GE and 2.5 Gbit/s, enabling GE and 2.5 Gbit/s services to be mixed on the same channel, effectively improving channel utilization. Through the flexible protection mechanism of OTN, the end-to-end protection capability of the business and the realization of multiple protection mechanisms are realized. The newly-built PTN convergence network realizes the efficient and safe bearing of data services through large-capacity equipment; the convergence ring rate reaches 10 GE, and the convergence node equipment provides a large number of GE/FE interfaces to meet the transmission of a large number of GE/FE services in the convergence ring. Guarantee bandwidth; the access ring rate reaches GE, and the access capacity is doubled.
Taking into account the smooth evolution of the future network, Hubei Mobile, after full demonstration, finally chose Fiberhome's full-service bearer network solution to build the Hubei Mobile OTN+PTN next-generation transmission network with serialized OTN and PTN equipment as the bearer platform. The solution includes the latest OTN and PTN transmission products such as FONST3000/4000, CiTRANS 660, CiTRANS 640, CiTRANS 620, SmartWeaver intelligent control plane and OTNPlanner network planning tools, comprehensively covering backbone, convergence and access to each network level. This project fully considers equipment upgradeability and capacity expansion. When the business scale continues to expand, it can be upgraded to a larger capacity on the OTN platform. A single system can be expanded to 96 waves, and a single channel capacity can reach 40 Gbit/s or even 100 Gbit/s, the huge expansion space of the core layer network makes the subsequent network adjustments very small, and only by adding a single board can meet the needs of 3 to 5 years of business capacity growth. In the construction of the project, it overcomes many difficulties such as short construction period, strong 3G business suddenness, and rapid growth in bandwidth demand, and finally assists Hubei Mobile such as Wuhan, Huangshi, Huanggang, Xianning through the OTN+PTN hybrid networking solution The municipal company has created a safe, efficient, and telecom-level IP-based metropolitan area transmission network. Through the joint efforts of both parties, Hubei Mobile’s PTN/OTN has achieved actual business loading and is the first to realize the commercial use of the PTN/OTN project in the country, which is a milestone.
6 concluding remarks
In short, as emerging technologies, OTN and PTN will play a mainstay role in the next generation of optical transport networks. From a technical point of view, the PTN+OTN joint networking model is completely feasible, and has been fully verified in the construction of many provinces and cities; but on the other hand, it is limited to the short development time of the technology itself, and the development of technology is relatively short. Fast, and there is no long-term large-scale deployment experience in the network, and there are many unknown issues that need to be further studied and discussed. The author believes that with the further maturity and development of technology, the application of OTN and PTN technology will usher in a broader development space.
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