HLS live broadcast protocol m3u8 detailed explanation

1. What is HLS
HTTP Live Streaming (abbreviated as HLS) is an HTTP-based streaming media network transmission protocol proposed by Apple. Is part of Apple's QuickTime X and iPhone software systems. It works by dividing the entire stream into small HTTP-based files to download, and downloading only a few at a time. When the media stream is playing, the client can choose to download the same resource at different rates from many different alternate sources, allowing the streaming media session to adapt to different data rates.

When starting a streaming media session, the client downloads an extended M3U (m3u8) playlist file containing metadata to find available media streams. HLS only requests basic HTTP messages. Unlike Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP), HLS can pass through any firewall or proxy server that allows HTTP data to pass. It is also easy to use a content distribution network to transmit media streams.

RTMP refers to Adobe's RTMP (Realtime Message Protocol), which is widely used in low-latency live broadcasts. It is also the actual standard protocol for connecting encoders and servers. It has the best viewing experience and best stability on PC (Flash).

HLS refers to Apple's HLS (Http Live Streaming), which is Live (live), but Vod (on-demand) can also support it. HLS is the standard streaming media protocol of Apple platform, and it supports seamlessly as RTMP on PC.

Two, the main application scenarios of HLS
Cross-platform: The main live broadcast program for PC is RTMP, and there are also some libraries that can play HLS, such as jwplayer, and a lot of hls plugins based on osmf. So in fact, if you choose a protocol that can cross PC/Android/IOS, it is HLS.

Strict stability requirements on IOS: The most stable on IOS is of course HLS, and the stability is not worse than that of RTMP on PC-flash.

Friendly CDN distribution method: At present, CDN is also the basic protocol for RTMP, but the basis of HLS distribution is HTTP, so CDN access and distribution will be more complete than RTMP. It can switch between various CDNs and RTMP, but it may require docking testing.

Simple: HLS is very simple as a streaming media protocol, and Apple supports it very well. Android's support for HLS will become more and more perfect. As for DASH/HDS, there seems to be no special reason. Just as Linux has become popular and open, it is difficult for other systems to be widely used.

In short, SRS supports HLS mainly as an output distribution protocol, and live broadcasts are distributed with RTMP+HLS, covering various application scenarios. On-demand is mainly HLS.

3. Detailed explanation of HLS agreement
HLS is to provide an m3u8 address, Apple's Safari browser can directly open the m3u8 address, for example:

http://demo.srs.com/live/livestream.m3u8
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Android cannot be opened directly, you need to use the html5 video tag, and then open this page in the browser, for example:

<video width="640" height="360"
autoplay controls autobuffer
src="http://demo.srs.com/live/livestream.m3u8"
type="application/vnd.apple.mpegurl">
</video>
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HLS protocol regulations
The encapsulation format of the video is TS.

The video encoding format is H264, and the audio encoding format is MP3, AAC or AC-3.

In addition to the TS video file itself, an m3u8 file (text file) used to control playback is also defined.

HLS protocol description
The m3u8 of HLS is a list of ts, which tells the browser to play these ts files, for example:

EXTM3U
EXT-X-VERSION: 3
EXT-X-ALLOW-CACHE:YES
EXT-X-TARGETDURATION: 13
EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:430
EXT-X-PLAYLIST-TYPE:VOD
EXTINF:11.800
news-430.ts

EXT-X-ENDLIST
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2
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4
5
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8
9
10
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12
13
14
15
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twenty one
twenty two
twenty three
EXTM3U
The first line of each M3U file must be this tag, which provides marking

EXT-X-VERSION
Used to mark the protocol version. Here is 3, so the third version of the HLS protocol is used here. There can only be 0 or 1 in this label. If you don’t write it, it means using version 1.

EXT-X-TARGETDURATION
The maximum duration of all slices. Some Apple devices cannot play if this parameter is incorrect.

EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE
The starting number of the slice. Each slice has a unique serial number, and the serial number between adjacent ones is +1. This number will continue to grow to ensure the continuity of the flow.

EXT-X-ENDLIST
End of file symbol. Indicates that no media files will be added to the playlist file.

Author: a little mean _yxwn
Link: https://www.jianshu.com/p/059c9cb29566
Source: Brief Book
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How far(long) the transmitter cover?

The transmission range depends on many factors. The true distance is based on the antenna installing height , antenna gain, using environment like building and other obstructions , sensitivity of the receiver, antenna of the receiver . Installing antenna more high and using in the countryside , the distance will much more far.

EXAMPLE 5W FM Transmitter use in the city and hometown:

I have a USA customer use 5W fm transmitter with GP antenna in his hometown ,and he test it with a car, it cover 10km(6.21mile).

I test the 5W fm transmitter with GP antenna in my hometown ,it cover about 2km(1.24mile).

I test the 5W fm transmitter with GP antenna in Guangzhou city ,it cover about only 300meter(984ft).

Below are the approximate range of different power FM Transmitters. ( The range is diameter )

0.1W ~ 5W FM Transmitter ：100M ~1KM

5W ~15W FM Ttransmitter : 1KM ~ 3KM

15W ~ 80W FM Transmitter : 3KM ~10KM

80W ~500W FM Transmitter : 10KM ~30KM

500W ~1000W FM Transmitter : 30KM ~ 50KM

1KW ~ 2KW FM Transmitter : 50KM ~100KM

2KW ~5KW FM Transmitter : 100KM ~150KM

5KW ~10KW FM Transmitter : 150KM ~200KM

How to contact us for the transmitter?

Call me +8618078869184 OR
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1.How far you want to cover in diameter ?
2.How tall of you tower ?
3.Where are you from ?
And we will give you more professional advice.

About Us

FMUSER.ORG is a system integration company focusing on RF wireless transmission / studio video audio equipment / streaming and data processing .We are providing everything from advice and consultancy through rack integration to installation, commissioning and training.

We offer FM Transmitter, Analog TV Transmitter, Digital TV transmitter, VHF UHF Transmitter, Antennas, Coaxial Cable Connectors, STL, On Air Processing, Broadcast Products for the Studio, RF Signal Monitoring, RDS Encoders, Audio Processors and Remote Site Control Units, IPTV Products, Video / Audio Encoder / Decoder, designed to meet the needs of both large international broadcast networks and small private stations alike.

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