IPTV is simply an interactive network TV, which can provide users with telecommunication-level services and an easy-to-use TV-like experience.
IPTV service is an emerging Internet value-added service that has emerged with the rapid development of broadband Internet. It uses broadband Internet infrastructure, uses home TVs and computers as the main terminals, and uses network set-top boxes (STB, Set-TopBox), Through the Internet protocol to transmit TV signals, provide a variety of digital media services including TV programs.
1. IPTV system overview
So far, although IPTV does not have a very clear definition, it is indisputable that IPTV realizes the networkization of TV. Its specific manifestation must be a streaming media service based on the IP network. The central task of the entire IPTV system is how to provide users with streaming media services.
Around this issue, we must fully consider some guarantee systems necessary for telecommunication-level systems, such as operation support systems, network management systems, etc. It is generally believed that the IPTV system can be logically divided into five guide service subsystem, operation support subsystem, and streaming service subsystem.
In addition, in order to show the cooperative work of the system more intuitively, the relevant components of the system can be divided into the following four parts according to the function of the device: media platform layer, service support layer, operation support layer, and terminal layer.
In fact, a complete IPTV system should also include an IP bearer layer. Although the operation of the IPTV system is closely related to the IP bearer layer, the IP bearer layer is not unique to the IPTV system, but the IPTV system has some relatively special requirements for it, such as support for multicast, high bandwidth requirements, etc., so in this article It will not be described in detail.
figure 1 Logical structure of IPTV system
Figure 1 is the logical structure of the IPTV system, which can help everyone better understand the system's architecture, main functions and implementation schemes.
(1) Stream Service Subsystem
Streaming service subsystem is a subsystem that directly provides streaming services for users, and is the core of the system. Whether it is video-on-demand, live TV, or other value-added services, the IPTV system will eventually provide services through the streaming service subsystem, and the terminal will always interact with the streaming service subsystem for streaming media. Other subsystems directly or indirectly provide services for the stream service subsystem. The streaming service subsystem provides guarantee for the entire streaming media service. It is a key logical component of the system, and other related subsystems serve and are designed around it.
(2) Media Processing Subsystem
The main task of the media processing subsystem is to convert the original program source into a streaming media program source that conforms to the specified encoding format. The original program source may be a copy of a movie, it may be a DVD disc, or a digital or analog video and audio signal source (digital TV or analog TV signal source). The task of the media processing subsystem is to transform it into a suitable For video and audio files transmitted on the Internet, the encoding format used must be a compressed encoding method, such as MEPG-4, WMV, or H.264. The future trend is to adopt a unified H.264 encoding format. Of course, the system is compatible with other formats of media files. The key is that the terminal supports the corresponding decoding program. The media processing subsystem is essentially the entrance for media to enter the IPTV system. Whether it is a TV program or a movie program, it needs to be processed by this subsystem before it can enter the system, and then it is possible to provide related streaming media for IPTV users. Service resources.
(3) Media Management Subsystem
The main task of the media management subsystem is to manage media resources, including media content management, planning of plans, collection and generation of EPG information, and collection and generation of report information. Media content management, including what strategies are used to store and distribute media content, such as how to save in the system, how many copies are stored, and how to index location information, are key factors related to the efficiency of media storage and distribution, as well as equipment manufacturers. One of the key considerations. The planning of the plan is generally related to TV programs. If the system is to provide the function of time-shifting TV, the TV program must be recorded. The purpose of the planning is to divide the content into the storage area in the future. Time The division of segments is generally based on the program table of the TV station, which can ensure that these files can be ordered by time slot and program name when time-shifted TV is on demand, and TV programs can be watched by time. The collection and generation of EPG information is generally through media content to customize the EPG screen, so that you can control which media programs appear on the EPG interface and can be used by users. At the same time, it can generate related programs in the interface according to some scheduling plans. Single, this is a bit similar to the TV program preview of traditional TV, it is the resource of EPG screen. It can generate a list of popular movies according to the on-demand situation, and a list of the latest movies according to the time when the program is imported into the system.
The information collection and generation of the report can be understood as some statistics through the database of the status and usage of the media resources. Its main purpose is to query the database to generate a report file in a specified format for the operator to carry out relevant analysis. . For example, it can provide the click frequency of the movie so that you can formulate a strategy to increase the number of copies of the movie with more clicks in the system to ensure that it provides users with better quality services, while the number of on-demand movies can reduce the number of copies of the system. , Improve the utilization of disk space.
(4) Electronic program list service subsystem
The main task of the electronic program guide service subsystem is to provide users with business portal services. It is an interface directly presented to users and a system service index for users to choose. It also assists in completing user access requests. The electronic program list subsystem presents to users the services that can be enjoyed under certain rights. For example, if it is a monthly subscription user, the electronic program guide service subsystem will present all the media resources provided to the monthly subscription user to the user in the form of a page, and the user can also query through various keywords. Of course, users can also choose media or service resources beyond the scope of the service by increasing payment. Or, within the scope of the user's service, the user can also control by himself, password-protecting some movies that are not suitable for children to watch, and prevent children from watching.
(5) Operation support subsystem
The operation support subsystem is a system that serves the operation and management of operators, including user management, billing management, pricing strategy management, network equipment management, and some management related to operations. This part is very important for both value-added service operators and telecom operators. On the one hand, it manages these servers and network resources that provide services to users. On the other hand, it needs to customize the tariff strategy of related services. The strength of the tariff management function usually has a great impact on the business competitiveness of operators. The more diversified the strategies supported, the more demand it can attract, while adapting to changes in market competition strategies, such as temporary discounts and business bundling. At the same time, it generally manages user information, such as user account opening, data management, and status changes, and can set some thresholds to enable the system to automatically switch users' services to avoid malicious arrears of users. In the operation support system, the operator also hopes to manage some third-party network equipment (generally, the current system is a comprehensive system, and the integration of equipment from multiple manufacturers is a very common phenomenon), and may also require and Some original front-end application systems and back-end accounting systems carry out some automatic data transfer interface functions, so as to realize the unification of the platform. The operation support system is related to some of the customer’s usage habits and related businesses. It is precisely because of personalization that the general operator will make some customizations according to the requirements. Some open architectures can be used to easily customize related modules to meet the requirements. Various personalized requirements.
2.Function structure of IPTV system
As mentioned earlier, the IPTV system can be divided into a media platform layer, a service support layer, an operation support layer, and a terminal layer according to its functional structure. But in fact, the hierarchical structure of the system will be different according to the different construction of the business model and the different implementation methods. There are only fuzzy differences between the functions of the platforms, and there are no clear boundaries. For example, the content encoding server Whether it belongs to the media platform layer or the service support layer, there are differences; and whether the network management system belongs to the operation support layer or the service support layer, there will be different voices. Clearly defining the equipment included in these layers depends on the system architecture engineer and is closely related to the system's related business processes. Only some common features are discussed here.
figure 2
Figure 2 is a structure of an implementation scheme, and everyone can have a general understanding of the entire IPTV system. In the following, some details of each layer will be introduced separately.
(1) Media platform layer
The media platform layer is generally composed of some media-related servers. As far as the related services are currently provided, they mainly include media storage and distribution media workstations (some manufacturers also call them streaming media servers), media encoding encryption and import content workstations. Taking into account the future business expansion, more content will be added. For example, if the network video phone service is added, the relevant server must be added to handle the media stream processing of the video phone service; if the network game service is added, it will be A related game server is needed to handle related affairs.
(2) Service support layer
The service support layer, also called the online business support layer, can generally be located in the central computer room and the metropolitan area network computer room in a distributed structure. Its main task is to control IPTV-related services: on the one hand, it is to ensure that legitimate users can obtain related services through normal channels, and to authenticate and authorize users; on the other hand, to prevent illegal users from accessing through authentication and authorization measures. system.
Generally speaking, the service support layer includes all servers related to media services, including DRM systems (including license servers and other components that reference and control keys), customer self-service servers, network management servers, and media services. Introduce some content encoding servers, authentication servers, EPG servers, etc. of the system. The DRM system is mainly used for digital rights management of streaming media, the license server is mainly used for license distribution, the authentication server is mainly used for user business access authentication, and other servers provide online support for users' media services.
(3) Operation support layer
The operation support layer, also known as the back-end service support layer, is generally located in the user’s data center and network management center. It serves business operations and network management. It is the core platform for the operator’s business management and control. It must adapt to different Operating mode and management style, usually more business models, management models and other aspects should be considered. Operators generally also put forward many customized requirements. Generally, it mainly includes several relatively independent modules: customer management, billing and accounting management, and media asset management. Generally speaking, these three parts are the functional modules of OSS.
OSS is a scalable and extensible business support platform for operators to perform program management, workflow management, user management, billing and accounting, and user self-service. At the same time, it provides various back-office solutions, such as user management, business management, tariff policy management, write-off processing, revenue management, settlement and apportionment, data analysis and other functions.
(4) Terminal layer
EPG client software, decoding equipment (supporting MPEG-1/2/4, WMV, REAL, H.264 and other formats), media players interact with the server in the system to control the process of media services, and through STB The media stream data is converted into a video signal supported by the TV terminal. Terminals such as 3G mobile phones will also be included in the future.
The terminal layer is the platform used by the entire system to interact with users, and it is also the only device presented on the user side. In addition to technical considerations, its design also considers many factors, such as economy and aesthetics.
The main equipment at the terminal layer is generally a set-top box. Of course, if you are a PC user, you only need a set of software that supports decoding and playback technology, and you can think of it as a software set-top box.
3.Concluding remarks
The IPTV system is a business system built on the existing Internet. It must adapt to the existing IP network construction to ensure the reliability and stability of the system. Generally speaking, an IPTV network is a hierarchical network structure, which is divided into a backbone network layer, a metropolitan area network layer, and an access network layer. The deployment of an IPTV system is generally consistent with this layered structure.
(1) The data center is located at the backbone layer, and the corresponding OSS and network management systems are deployed. At the same time, some content encoding servers, central media servers, and corresponding service support layer functional entities can be deployed here. If the network scale is large, the distributed deployment of some components can also be extended to the metropolitan area network.
(2) Distributed media workstations can be located at the metropolitan area network layer or at the access network layer, depending on the size of the network. They can be located in the metropolitan area network at the initial stage and can be deployed in layers in the metropolitan area network and the access network in the later stage.
(3) The terminal equipment is located in the access network.
Such a structure can effectively utilize various existing network resources, accelerate the speed of deployment, and ensure low-cost deployment of the system while also ensuring the scalability of the system.
The IPTV system is a new value-added service platform based on broadband networks. With the development of Internet technology, it will inevitably continue to develop. Although its logical structure will not undergo major changes, unless the Internet architecture undergoes major changes, under the logical structure The functional modules of IPTV will inevitably change with the development of the business, and the functions that meet the needs of users will continue to be developed. IPTV services will also continue to develop in continuous business innovation, occupy a place in personalized home entertainment, and create for users A brand new entertainment and even business platform.
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How far(long) the transmitter cover?
The transmission range depends on many factors. The true distance is based on the antenna installing height , antenna gain, using environment like building and other obstructions , sensitivity of the receiver, antenna of the receiver . Installing antenna more high and using in the countryside , the distance will much more far.
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