At present, HD-SDI is mainly used in front-end acquisition equipment such as cameras at the transmitting end. After the camera's CCD or CMOS image sensor collects the signals, the uncompressed high-definition video signal transmission methods are analog and digital. Analog transmission generally adopts YPbPr component transmission, and a high-definition video signal requires three coaxial cables for simultaneous transmission. Digital transmission generally adopts DVI, HDMI or HD-SDI transmission. The transmission distance of DVI or HDMI is only a few meters, with a relay amplifier in the middle, and the farthest is only tens of meters. It is not suitable for remote transmission of monitoring images. Used in the connection and signal transmission between equipment in the studio control room. The HD-SDI signal can be transmitted about 100 meters, and can be transmitted by CVBS coaxial cable. The interface is commonly used BNC, so it is usually used in the signal transmission connection between field collection equipment and control equipment within 100 meters. It can be seen from the 2010 Beijing Security Exhibition that many domestic security manufacturers have launched their own SDI interface HD cameras, which can achieve 1080P25 HD display.
CCD/CMOS image sensor: camera CCD/CMOS image sensor, equivalent to human eyes, mainly completes the conversion of optical images into electrical signals, and outputs electronic image signals. CCD and CMOS have their own advantages and disadvantages. At present, the two coexist in the camera market. In traditional concepts, CCD represents the advantages of high resolution and low noise, while CMOS is mostly used in electronic products that do not require high image quality due to noise problems. From the perspective of working principle, when CCD is working, millions of pixels will generate millions of charges after being exposed to light. These charges will all undergo voltage conversion through a so-called "amplifier" to form electronic signals. Therefore, this "amplifier" has become a "bottleneck" that restricts the image processing speed. All charges are output by a single channel. When the amount of data is large, signal "congestion" will occur. However, the HDV format just needs to be in a short time. Processing a large amount of data, therefore, in practical applications, the use of CCD is far from meeting the needs of high-speed reading of high-definition data. CMOS is different. Each pixel has a separate amplifier for conversion output. Therefore, CMOS does not have the "bottleneck" problem of CCD. It can process a large amount of data in a short time and output high-definition images, and it can also meet the needs of high-definition HDV. . Therefore, for HD-SDI cameras, CMOS image sensors are relatively more suitable.
At present, mainstream SDI camera manufacturers on the market provide CCD and CMOS cameras. The advantage of CMOS against CCD lies in its low cost and low power consumption, and it can be on the same chip as the video processing circuit. Judging from the current market situation, CMOS image sensors may completely replace CCD image sensors in the field of professional and home photography and camera equipment.
AFE analog front end, when used for CCD imaging, it digitizes the CCD image signal and generates the CCD control sequence. For CMOS imaging devices, digital signals can be output directly, so AFE analog front ends are not required.
CPU, as the core device of the entire HD camera, is equivalent to the human heart. The HD-SDI HD camera is not encoded and compressed, and outputs the original digital signal through the HDMI or HD-SDI port. Generally speaking, the CPU not only has image processing and coding functions, but also completes the control and calculation of the high-definition camera system, acting as the central processor of the entire system.
For DSP/ASIC/ASSP, due to its specificity, there are shortcomings such as limited functions and inflexibility. After the product is finalized, it is not allowed to add or remove new functions according to market requirements, and does not change the original hardware foundation. There are hardware circuits for deletion, which invisibly increases R&D costs. FPGA has the characteristics of wide range of functions and high flexibility. Generally speaking, if the product is expected to have large shipments, and hardware design basically does not need to make major changes, designers prefer DSP/ASIC/ASSP solutions; and For those products that are expected to have smaller shipments and whose hardware design may often need to be updated as the market changes, designers prefer FPGA solutions. FPGA mainly completes the "front-end" data preprocessing, reduces noise and eliminates pixel defects.
At present, "HD video, HD audio" is very popular in the security industry. For front-end cameras, more and more manufacturers tend to adopt products with high pixel density and high dynamic range, which means that the amount of data will increase. The larger it is, the higher the processing power of the CPU is required, especially for parallel data processing. The video camera using DSP/ASIC/ASSP appears "more than enough, but not enough." The inherent parallelism and programmability of FPGA products happen to be able to provide manufacturers with a variety of performance to meet the needs of the market.
For HD-SDI cameras, in addition to considering the large amount of video data, CPU performance must also be evaluated when designing. In terms of parallel data processing capabilities, FPGAs have outstanding advantages. With the large-scale adoption of FPGAs in the camera industry and the advancement of manufacturing technology, FPGAs have gone from a high price of "old Wang Xie Tang Qianyan" to a low price of "flying into the homes of ordinary people" on a par with ASIC. At present, in all low-cost FPGA series, CyloneIII devices have the largest memory logic ratio and DSP logic ratio, and are most suitable for video processing applications such as HD-SDI cameras.
Signal output interface: including serializer (Seralizer), cable driver CD (CableDriver) and other circuits. Among them, serializer is also called transmitter (Transmitter), which mainly realizes the 10BIT/20BIT video data output by the CPU according to SMPTE regulations The coding standard is modulated into a standard SDI signal and sent out. In order to increase the transmission distance, a cable driver CD (cabledriver) is usually brought, or it is not necessary.
1. HD-SDI transmission and receiving end
The receiving end is mainly used in products with SDI interfaces such as high-definition encoding cards, DVRs, etc. The implementation of the SDI receiving scheme for the two in the market is basically the same.
The higher the data transmission rate of the adaptive cable equalizer EQ (Equalizer), the more difficult it is to control the signal integrity. When the cable is longer, these problems become more serious. The transmission distance of the SDI signal mainly depends on the EQ equalizer at the receiving end. For example, the LM0394 equalizer chip provided by National Semiconductor Corporation (NS) can ensure that no matter what kind of data transmission rate is used, the signal can be transmitted to the farthest range with the lowest power. If the transmission speed of 3Gbps (3G) is adopted, the cable can be as long as 200 meters, the cable for high-definition TV can be as long as 220 meters, and the cable for standard-definition TV (SD) can be as long as 400 meters.
The clock recovery device is to recover the clock signal from the received digital signal. When it receives the signal, it first eliminates the high-frequency jitter part of the signal, and then outputs noise-free data and clock signals, or drives the signal to the other end of the coaxial cable in a serial manner. Clock recovery devices are usually used in designs with more than two SDI outputs.
The FPGA solution needs to include a high-cost SERDES processing module, which is relatively expensive. Altera CycloneIVGX series supports 3G speed, contains 4 SERDES modules. The high-end FPGA chips with built-in SERDES transceivers are all manufactured with more sophisticated CMOS technology. Due to the higher noise floor, there is more jitter.
Engineers must add other components such as high-quality voltage regulators, clock reference circuits, isolated power supply and ground planes, and overheating protection circuits to improve this situation. But this will make the circuit design more complicated, and the design time and cost will increase. In response to this phenomenon, semiconductor companies such as NS and gennum have introduced separate serial/deserializer solutions that can be matched with low-cost FPGA chips and require very few components.
The first option is for designers to be more concerned with the issue of chip compatibility. Due to some semiconductor manufacturers such as NS, GENNUM, etc., the three different rate equalizer (EQ) pin packages of different manufacturers are all the same, and each chip is backward compatible, such as supporting 3G rate, HD-SDI, only The corresponding equalizer EQ model needs to be replaced, and the hardware design and PCB do not need to be changed, which greatly reduces the R&D cost. In response to different customer needs, product categories are easy to achieve diversification.
Scheme 2 Low-cost FPGA can meet the requirements, the front-end receiver (Receiver) integrates cable equalizer EQ, SERDES and other circuits, and the cost of FPGA front-end devices increases. The main function of the receiver is to convert the SDI signal into 10BIT/20BIT parallel data output. The specific solution used by the receiving end needs to be considered comprehensively. Option one requires a certain accumulation of FPGA development experience. The cycle is difficult to predict, but it is easy to maintain and product functions are easy to achieve diversification. The second solution is that SDI conversion and processing are basically realized through hardware chips, and the development cycle is short, and the product can be quickly introduced to the market.
2. Future market outlook
At present, international companies such as NS and GENNUM have a wide variety of SDI chips for the broadcasting industry, but the prices are generally relatively high, which is not suitable for the security industry. The radio and television industry is different from the security industry. The security industry has large shipments and strict cost control. If you want to vigorously promote SDI standards in the security industry, you need to customize related standards and solutions for the security industry.
HDcctv is a new standard for the joint development of High Definition Surveillance Systems (HighDefinition Surveillance Systems) applications proposed by several chip and system suppliers in 2009. Although it has only been two years since the standard was put forward, due to the advantages of its own standard and the addition of more and more manufacturers, the HDcctv standard can be said to have joined the Open Network Video Interface Forum (ONVIF) in today’s high-definition surveillance industry. , Entity Security Interoperability Alliance (PSIA) has formed a tripartite trend.
The essence of the HDcctv standard is that the HDcctv system adopts a digital method to transmit high-definition video. There is no need to pack the data in the middle. It is continuous transmission, uncompressed, no signal loss code stream, and no delay. Therefore, the signal is real-time and complete. Sex will be better guaranteed. At present, in the security industry, HDcctv and IP HD each have their own outstanding characteristics, and users can choose according to their monitoring needs. Although IP HD occupies a part of the market, HDcctv still has a lot of room for development and will not be eliminated in the short term.
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How far(long) the transmitter cover?
The transmission range depends on many factors. The true distance is based on the antenna installing height , antenna gain, using environment like building and other obstructions , sensitivity of the receiver, antenna of the receiver . Installing antenna more high and using in the countryside , the distance will much more far.
EXAMPLE 5W FM Transmitter use in the city and hometown:
I have a USA customer use 5W fm transmitter with GP antenna in his hometown ,and he test it with a car, it cover 10km(6.21mile).
I test the 5W fm transmitter with GP antenna in my hometown ,it cover about 2km(1.24mile).
I test the 5W fm transmitter with GP antenna in Guangzhou city ,it cover about only 300meter(984ft).
Below are the approximate range of different power FM Transmitters. ( The range is diameter )
0.1W ~ 5W FM Transmitter ：100M ~1KM
5W ~15W FM Ttransmitter : 1KM ~ 3KM
15W ~ 80W FM Transmitter : 3KM ~10KM
80W ~500W FM Transmitter : 10KM ~30KM
500W ~1000W FM Transmitter : 30KM ~ 50KM
1KW ~ 2KW FM Transmitter : 50KM ~100KM
2KW ~5KW FM Transmitter : 100KM ~150KM
5KW ~10KW FM Transmitter : 150KM ~200KM
How to contact us for the transmitter?
Call me +8618078869184 OR
Email me [email protected]
1.How far you want to cover in diameter ?
2.How tall of you tower ?
3.Where are you from ?
And we will give you more professional advice.
About Us
FMUSER.ORG is a system integration company focusing on RF wireless transmission / studio video audio equipment / streaming and data processing .We are providing everything from advice and consultancy through rack integration to installation, commissioning and training.
We offer FM Transmitter, Analog TV Transmitter, Digital TV transmitter, VHF UHF Transmitter, Antennas, Coaxial Cable Connectors, STL, On Air Processing, Broadcast Products for the Studio, RF Signal Monitoring, RDS Encoders, Audio Processors and Remote Site Control Units, IPTV Products, Video / Audio Encoder / Decoder, designed to meet the needs of both large international broadcast networks and small private stations alike.
Our solution has FM Radio Station / Analog TV Station / Digital TV Station / Audio Video Studio Equipment / Studio Transmitter Link / Transmitter Telemetry System / Hotel TV System / IPTV Live Broadcasting / Streaming Live Broadcast / Video Conference / CATV Broadcasting system.
We are using advanced technology products for all the systems, because we know the high reliability and high performance are so important for the system and solution . At the same time we also have to make sure our products system with a very reasonable price.
We have customers of public and commercial broadcasters, telecom operators and regulation authorities , and we also offer solution and products to many hundreds of smaller, local and community broadcasters .
FMUSER.ORG has been exporting more than 15 years and have clients all over the world. With 13 years experience in this field ,we have a professional team to solve customer's all kinds of problems. We dedicated in supplying the extremely reasonable pricing of professional products & services. Contact email : [email protected]
Our Factory
We have modernization of the factory . You are welcome to visit our factory when you come to China.
At present , there are already 1095 customers around the world visited our Guangzhou Tianhe office . If you come to China , you are welcome to visit us .
At Fair
This is our participation in 2012 Global Sources Hong Kong Electronics Fair . Customers from all over the world finally have a chance to get together.
Where is Fmuser ?
You can search this numbers " 23.127460034623816,113.33224654197693 " in google map , then you can find our fmuser office .
FMUSER Guangzhou office is in Tianhe District which is the center of the Canton . Very near to the Canton Fair , guangzhou railway station, xiaobei road and dashatou , only need 10 minutes if take TAXI . Welcome friends around the world to visit and negotiate .
Contact: Sky Blue
Cellphone: +8618078869184
WhatsApp: +8618078869184
Wechat: +8618078869184
E-mail: [email protected]
QQ: 727926717
Skype: sky198710021
Address: No.305 Room HuiLan Building No.273 Huanpu Road Guangzhou China Zip:510620
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English: We accept all payments , such as PayPal, Credit Card, Western Union, Alipay, Money Bookers, T/T, LC, DP, DA, OA, Payoneer, If you have any question , please contact me [email protected] or WhatsApp +8618078869184
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Every of our item list page bottom on top have a paypal logo to pay.
Credit Card.If you do not have paypal,but you have credit card,you also can click the Yellow PayPal button to pay with your credit card.
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But if you have not a credit card and not have a paypal account or difficult to got a paypal accout ,You can use the following:
Western Union.  www.westernunion.com
Pay by Western Union to me :
First name/Given name: Yingfeng
Last name/Surname/ Family name: Zhang
Full name: Yingfeng Zhang
Country: China
City: Guangzhou
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T/T . Pay by T/T (wire transfer/ Telegraphic Transfer/ Bank Transfer)
First BANK INFORMATION (COMPANY ACCOUNT):
SWIFT BIC: BKCHHKHHXXX
Bank name: BANK OF CHINA (HONG KONG) LIMITED, HONG KONG
Bank Address: BANK OF CHINA TOWER, 1 GARDEN ROAD, CENTRAL, HONG KONG
BANK CODE: 012
Account Name : FMUSER INTERNATIONAL GROUP LIMITED
Account NO. : 012-676-2-007855-0
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Second BANK INFORMATION (COMPANY ACCOUNT):
Beneficiary: Fmuser International Group Inc
Account Number: 44050158090900000337
Beneficiary's Bank: China Construction Bank Guangdong Branch
SWIFT Code: PCBCCNBJGDX
Address: NO.553 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong,Tianhe District, China
**Note: When you transfer money to our bank account, please DO NOT write anything in the remark area, otherwise we won't be able to receive the payment due to government policy on international trade business.
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* It will be sent in 1-2 working days when payment clear.
* We will send it to your paypal address. If you want to change address, please send your correct address and phone number to my email [email protected]
* If the packages is below 2kg,we will be shipped via post airmail, it will take about 15-25days to your hand.
If the package is more than 2kg,we will ship via EMS , DHL , UPS, Fedex fast express delivery,it will take about 7~15days to your hand.
If the package more than 100kg , we will send via DHL or air freight. It will take about 3~7days to your hand.
All the packages are form China guangzhou.
* Package will be sent as a "gift" and declear as less as possible,buyer don't need to pay for "TAX".
* After ship, we will send you an E-mail and give you the tracking number.
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For Warranty .
Contact US--->>Return the item to us--->>Receive and send another replace .
Name: Liu xiaoxia
Address: 305Fang HuiLanGe HuangPuDaDaoXi 273Hao TianHeQu Guangzhou China.
ZIP:510620
Phone: +8618078869184
Please return to this address and write your paypal address,name,problem on note: |
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