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DSP (digital singnalprocessor) is a unique microprocessor with its own complete instruction system. It is a device that processes a large amount of information with digital signals. A digital signal processor includes a control unit, arithmetic unit, various registers, and a certain number of storage units in a small chip. Several memories can be connected to its periphery, and it can interact with a certain number of external devices. Communication, with comprehensive functions of software and hardware, is itself a microcomputer. The DSP adopts the Harvard design, that is, the data bus and the address bus are separated, so that the program and data are stored in two separate spaces, allowing the fetching and executing instructions to completely overlap. That is to say, the next instruction can be fetched and decoded while the previous instruction is executed, which greatly improves the speed of the microprocessor. It also allows transmission between program space and data space because of the increased flexibility of the device. Its working principle is to receive the analog signal, convert it into a digital signal of 0 or 1, then modify, delete, and strengthen the digital signal, and interpret the digital data back to analog data or actual environment format in other system chips. It not only has programmability, but its real-time running speed can reach tens of millions of complex instruction programs per second, far exceeding general-purpose microprocessors, and it is an increasingly important computer chip in the digital electronic world. Its powerful data processing capabilities and high operating speed are the two most commendable features. Because of its strong computing power, fast speed, small size, and a high degree of flexibility in software programming, it provides an effective way to engage in various complex applications. According to the requirements of digital signal processing, DSP chips generally have the following main features:
(1) One multiplication and one addition can be completed in one instruction cycle;
(2) The program and data space are separated, and instructions and data can be accessed at the same time;
(3) There is fast RAM on the chip, which can usually be accessed in two blocks at the same time through an independent data bus;
(4) Hardware support with low overhead or no overhead loop and jump;
(5) Fast interrupt processing and hardware I/O support;
(6) Multiple hardware address generators that operate in a single cycle;
(7) Multiple operations can be executed in parallel;
(8) Support pipeline operation, so that operations such as fetching, decoding, and execution can be performed overlapped.
Of course, compared with painful microprocessors, other general functions of DSP chips are relatively weak.
ARM (Advanced RISCMachines/microprocessor) is a well-known company in the microprocessor industry. It has designed a large number of high-performance, inexpensive, low-energy RISC processors, related technologies and software. The ARM architecture is the first RISC microprocessor designed for the low-budget market. It is basically an industry standard for 32-bit microcontrollers. It provides a series of core, system expansion, microprocessor and system chip solutions, and four functional modules are available for production. Manufacturers configure production according to the requirements of different users. Since all products adopt a common software system, the same software can run in all products. At present, ARM occupies more than 90 shares of the handheld device market, which can effectively shorten the time for application development and testing, and also reduce research and development costs.
FPGA is the abbreviation of Field Programmable Gate Array. It is a product of further development on the basis of PAL, GAL, PLD and other programmable devices. It is one of the most integrated application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC). Kind. FPGA adopts a new concept of LCA (Logic Cell Array), which includes three parts: Configurable Logic Block (CLB), IOB (Input Output Block), and Interconnect. The user can reconfigure the logic module and I/O module inside the FPGA to realize the user's logic. It also has the characteristics of static repeatable programming and dynamic reconfiguration in the system, so that the functions of the hardware can be modified through programming like software. As a semi-custom circuit in the field of application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), FPGA not only solves the deficiencies of custom circuits, but also overcomes the shortcomings of the limited number of gate circuits of the original programmable devices. It is no exaggeration to say that FPGA can complete the functions of any digital device, from high-performance CPUs to simple 74 circuits, all can be implemented with FPGAs. FPGA is like a piece of white paper or a pile of wood. Engineers can freely design a digital system through traditional schematic input method or hardware description language. Through software simulation, we can verify the correctness of the design in advance. After the PCB is completed, you can also use the online modification capabilities of the FPGA to modify the design at any time without changing the hardware circuit. Using FPGA to develop digital circuits can greatly shorten design time, reduce PCB area, and improve system reliability. FPGA is set up its working state by the procedure stored in the on-chip RAM, so it is necessary to program the on-chip RAM when working. Users can adopt different programming methods according to different configuration modes. When powering up, the FPGA chip reads the data in EPROM into the on-chip programming RAM. After the configuration is completed, the FPGA enters the working state. After a power failure, the FPGA is restored to a blank, and the internal logic relationship disappears. Therefore, the FPGA can be used repeatedly. FPGA programming does not require a dedicated FPGA programmer, only general EPROM and PROM programmers. When you need to modify the FPGA function, you only need to change a piece of EPROM. In this way, the same piece of FPGA, different programming data, can produce different circuit functions. Therefore, the use of FPGA is very flexible. It can be said that FPGA chips are one of the best choices for small batch systems to improve system integration and reliability. At present, there are many varieties of FPGA, including XC series from XILINX, TPC series from TI, and FIEX series from ALTERA.
What is the difference between them? DSP is mainly used for calculation, such as encryption and decryption, modulation and demodulation, etc. Its advantages are powerful data processing capabilities and higher operating speed. ARM has a relatively strong transaction management function, which can be used to run interfaces and applications. Its advantages are mainly reflected in control, while FPGA can be programmed with VHDL or verilogHDL, which has strong flexibility. It can be programmed, debugged, and reprogrammed. Programming and repeated operations, so you can fully carry out design development and verification. When the circuit has a small amount of changes, it can show the advantages of FPGA. Its on-site programming ability can extend the life of the product in the market, and this ability can be used for system upgrades or debugging.
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