In recent years, the demand for consumer electronic products has continued to grow, and the technology and market for wireless products have been further improved. As an irreplaceable key component in wireless products, antennas have also been further developed and improved. In Bluetooth products, the relationship between the antenna and the Bluetooth module is complementary. In addition to the core system chip, the antenna is another key component that affects the transmission characteristics of the Bluetooth module.
First, briefly outline what is an antenna? An antenna is a device used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. The function of the antenna: The function of the transmitting antenna is to effectively convert the energy of the high-frequency current of the transmitter (or the guided wave in the waveguide system) into electromagnetic energy in space; the function of the receiving antenna is just the opposite, so the antenna actually It is a transducer.
For example, compare the three common antennas of Bluetooth modules on the market: ceramic antenna, PCB antenna and IPEX external antenna.
1. Ceramic antenna is a miniaturized antenna suitable for Bluetooth devices. Ceramic antennas are divided into bulk ceramic antennas and multilayer ceramic antennas. The block antenna is to use high temperature to sinter the whole ceramic body at a time, and then print the metal part of the antenna on the surface of the ceramic block. The firing of multilayer antennas adopts low-temperature co-firing. The multilayer ceramics are laminated and aligned and then sintered at high temperature. Therefore, the metal conductor of the antenna can be printed on each ceramic dielectric layer according to the design needs, which can be effective. Reduce the size of the antenna and achieve the purpose of hiding the antenna. Since the dielectric constant of the ceramic itself is higher than that of the pcb circuit board, the use of ceramic antennas can effectively reduce the antenna size.
2. PCB antenna refers to the part on the PCB for wireless reception and transmission. When transmitting, it converts the high-frequency current of the transmitter into space electromagnetic waves; when receiving, it converts the electromagnetic waves intercepted from space into high-frequency currents and sends them to the receiver. Its advantages are: less space occupation, low cost, no need to assemble the antenna separately, not easy to touch and damage, easy assembly of the whole machine, but there are gains and losses --- sacrificing performance. The disadvantage is that it is difficult for a single antenna field to be rounded, high insertion loss, relatively low efficiency, and easy to be interfered by the motherboard.
3. IPEX antenna is an interface between radio frequency circuit and antenna, which is widely used in wireless local area network (WLAN) related product boards. Its advantages are: field type can be controlled better, insertion loss is low, signal directionality is good, high efficiency, strong anti-interference ability, can be far away from the interference on the motherboard, and does not require too much debugging and matching, as a terminal manufacturer , You only need to connect an IPEX antenna outside; of course, there are disadvantages: high cost and troublesome assembly.
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