Aerial is converter of a kind of energy, its action is the signal of high frequency concussion that exports machine of post a letter changeover is electromagnetic wave to the radiate in sky, on the other hand, transmit the electromagnetic wave change that accepts from inside sky to collection machine into signal of high frequency concussion.
Of aerial familial and special giant, we do not encounter have a lot of antenna at all in the life, so need not get to the bottom of. But regard spare radio as lover, we still should understand us beside commonly used antenna, in this article we basically talk about GP antenna.
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The English full name of GP antenna is: Ground Plane Antenna, namely " the antenna that takes ground plane " , also can call " ground level antenna " or abbreviation is " ground connection antenna " .
GP antenna is us in U/V paragraph when communication most the aerial type that often uses, its are familial the member included the antenna of antenna of Che Zaibian shape, base of glass reinforced plastics, small-sized antenna that holds equipment to go up to wait. Because be in U/V paragraph perpendicular polarization mode is used more in communication, these days line uses perpendicular means to undertake erect normally, so, these days line is called again " antenna of perpendicular ground connection " .
Above all, we will see aerial radiate and wave valve sketch map, among them, orchid color object represents aerial brace up child, green translucence object represents radiation wave piece. We can see: The sheet in the model extremely when aerial works, appearance of radiant electromagnetic wave is similar to an apple, aerial brace up child the electromagnetic wave all around distributings on average, do not have tropism of in the right way. This is the radiation circumstance of the simplest perpendicular antenna.
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| Model of perpendicular antenna radiate |
Aerial is converter of a kind of energy, its action is the signal of high frequency concussion that exports machine of post a letter changeover is electromagnetic wave to the radiate in sky, on the other hand, transmit the electromagnetic wave change that accepts from inside sky to collection machine into signal of high frequency concussion.
Of aerial familial and special giant, we do not encounter have a lot of antenna at all in the life, so need not get to the bottom of. But regard spare radio as lover, we still should understand us beside commonly used antenna, in this article we basically talk about GP antenna.
The English full name of GP antenna is: Ground Plane Antenna, namely " the antenna that takes ground plane " , also can call " ground level antenna " or abbreviation is " ground connection antenna " .
GP antenna is us in U/V paragraph when communication most the aerial type that often uses, its are familial the member included the antenna of antenna of Che Zaibian shape, base of glass reinforced plastics, small-sized antenna that holds equipment to go up to wait. Because be in U/V paragraph perpendicular polarization mode is used more in communication, these days line uses perpendicular means to undertake erect normally, so, these days line is called again " antenna of perpendicular ground connection " .
Above all, we will see aerial radiate and wave valve sketch map, among them, orchid color object represents aerial brace up child, green translucence object represents radiation wave piece. We can see: The sheet in the model extremely when aerial works, appearance of radiant electromagnetic wave is similar to an apple, aerial brace up child the electromagnetic wave all around distributings on average, do not have tropism of in the right way. This is the radiation circumstance of the simplest perpendicular antenna.
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| Model of perpendicular antenna radiate |
Understood the radiate of aerial, we treat the condition of GP antenna again.
GP antenna is general by coaxial cable feed, conductor is received inside brace up child, outer conductor is received at " ground plane " . "Ground plane " it is us often say " earth mat " . The GP antenna that next graphs are a model is the radiation circumstance when infinity in ground plane, electric wave makes the same score directional radiate basically along water, this is good position.
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| Ideal radiate condition |
However, when production antenna, we accomplish ground plane impossibly infinity, must narrow we are OK susceptive limits, but the change that caused radiation direction again in that way. Pursue below even if shorten when the diameter of ground plane the case when 4 times wavelengh: Radiant most general orientation left ground plane, uptilt.
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| Radiation angle of elevation |
Lay a plan: When ground plane narrows further, angle of elevation of electric wave radiant can amount to 30 degrees or so.
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| Radiation angle of elevation 1 |
To make electric wave undertakes radiation according to the means of people expect, people recalled a lot of way, will avoid above mentioned condition. Next graphs are an example: the appearance instead taper of ground plane, radiation direction got controlling.
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| Cone-shaped antenna |
Do not cross such doing to still compare a trouble, and cost is higher, then people recalled the following way again: Will substitute hypostatic ground plane with conductor of a few metals, form " earth mat " . In pursueing below, of green tilt the object represents earth mat, nethermost orange short cylinder propped up aerial brace up child. We can see, this and the antenna of base of glass reinforced plastics that city makes work are very similar.
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| Model of earth mat radiate |
Issueing what plan institute shows is us the commonnest the model of the antenna of Che Zaibian shape that arrive. Using sucking disk adsorption after roof, although radiation direction still has,go up admire, but because the plate of bodywork acted as " ground plane " , radiation direction had gained very good control.
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| Commonly used car carries aerial radiate model |
When use, some friends use calorie of edge to secure aerial on board, but distributing as a result of electric field at this moment inhomogenous, can reduce the efficiency of aerial. So I think: Aerial had better be with sucking disk adsorption in the center of roof, be helpful for the smooth equational cloth of electric field so, make thereby aerial play gives the biggest efficiency.
GP antenna besides above outside antenna of saying base of glass reinforced plastics and antenna of Che Zaibian shape, still have other and different form.
Be like: What replace 1/4 wavelengh for the disc of 1/4 wavelengh with radius is perpendicular brace up child, composition of conic form ground plane cooperates to be dish of awl antenna below (Kandoian) , pan Zhui antenna is in quite big frequency is wide inside, direction of the biggest radiate always makes the same score direction along water.
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Be like again: 1938, george H. Brown and Jess Epstein&Robert Lewis substitutes hypostatic ground plane with the conductor of 4 1/4 wavelengh, form the form that is similar to antenna of base of glass reinforced plastics. On the foundation of this kind of form, as improve, paralell connection is carried in the feed of aerial the cable of short circuit coaxial of wavelengh of a paragraph of 1/4, it widened not only impedance frequency band, and transmission line is protected when producing thunder bow wave.
Additional, be used at holding mobile communication facility normally but antenna of adjustable whip shape (common weighs telescopic antenna) a kind also be GP antenna, the advantage of this culmination line is Zhenzi length at any time alterable, can work inside different wave band.
Now, more and more friends join HAM this cavalcade, received broadcasting station patent, prepare to be 3 class through handing in card of check communication and liaison to rise. At that time, the issue also came: Have on card of communication and liaison " aerial " (ANT) one column, do not know how to fill in. About this problem actually I had been handed in in frequency with a lot of friends had flowed, explain again here: These the commonnest antenna belong to the antenna of antenna of base of glass reinforced plastics, Che Zaibian shape, whip shape antenna that holds mobile communication facility GP antenna, if you are used, is this kind of antenna, should be in only " aerial " one column is filled on " GP " OK, if you are used, is " 8 wood - Yu Tian " aerial, fill in " YAGI " , if you think those who tell the other side you to those who use is 14 unit " 8 wood - Yu Tian " aerial, so " 14 ELE YAGI " just be correct expression method.
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