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1. Broadband network digital TV, also known as IPTV or BTV, or interactive network TV, is a kind of broadband Internet, multimedia and other technologies integrated to provide home users with a variety of interactive services including digital TV New technology. It can well adapt to the rapid development trend of today's networks and make full and effective use of existing broadband network resources.
In the current commercial broadband network, users can enjoy IPTV services in two ways at home:
(1) Computer: In this way, users can listen to radio programs or enjoy music while surfing the Internet through a computer, or they can watch video programs such as TV or movies directly on the computer.
(2) Network set-top box (STB) + ordinary TV. A new network set-top box (STB) is added to the user's home. The set-top box provides an AV interface, which is directly connected to an ordinary TV. The user can choose to watch broadband network TV programs by controlling the set-top box.
Users can not only enjoy traditional Internet data services and online games through PC, but also can watch broadband video programs such as TV and movies on ordinary TV through special conversion equipment STB.
2. Key technologies in IPTV
The essence of IPTV application is the transmission and distribution of streaming media on broadband networks. Therefore, the application and development of IPTV are the result of the simultaneous application of the following key technologies.
(1) Broadband access technology: The fast-developing broadband access technology provides a path for the transmission of media streams.
Among the broadband access technologies currently in use, DSL is a technology that can provide broadband data services through ordinary telephone lines. The commonly used ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line, Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) technology can provide a bandwidth of 8M downstream. The ADSL standard has been defined in detail in the ITU-T G.992.1. With the rapid development of technology, ITU-T introduced two new-generation ADSL standards in June 2002 and January 2003: ADSL2 (G.992.3) and ADSL2+ (G.992.5). The maximum uplink and downlink rate supported by ADSL2 is 1.3M/15M, while the maximum uplink and downlink rate supported by ADSL2+ can reach 1.3M/24M. Higher bandwidth makes it possible to transmit a large amount of streaming media.
(2) IP multicast routing technology: powerful support for streaming media distribution.
IP multicast routing technology realizes point-to-multipoint high-efficiency data transmission in an IP network. It can effectively save network bandwidth and reduce network load. Multicast is a network technology that allows one or more senders (multicast sources) to send the same data packet to multiple receivers at the same time. It is a network technology that can double without increasing the backbone network load. An effective solution to increase the number of service users, and therefore become the preferred solution for current high-traffic video services. In the application of IPTV, the use of IP multicast routing technology can effectively distribute media streams and reduce network traffic. At present, the access device realizes the user's on-demand join and leave functions through the IGMPProxy function, thus realizing the on-demand distribution of media streams. And it reduces the excessive bandwidth occupation of multicast. With the application of IP multicast technology to integrated access devices, most devices support IGMPsnooping and IGMPProxy functions.
IGMPsnooping is a basic solution to the broadcast flooding of IP multicast on Layer 2 network equipment. By listening to the IGMP protocol messages between the client and the multicast routing device on the Layer 2 network device, obtain the user list information of the multicast service, and forward the multicast data according to the current user information, so as to suppress the Layer 2 multicast The purpose of flooding.
IGMPproxy provides a complete solution for the multicast service of Layer 2 devices through the proxy mechanism. The Layer 2 network equipment of IGMPproxy is implemented. It assumes the role of Server on the user side, and periodically queries user information, and assumes the role of Client on the network routing side, and sends current user information to the network when needed. It can not only achieve the purpose of suppressing the flooding of Layer 2 multicast, but also effectively obtain and control the
control user information, and at the same time play a certain role in reducing network-side protocol messages to reduce network load.
(3) Digital coding technology: technical support for transmission reliability.
The transmission of audio/video and other multimedia information on the network involves reliable real-time transmission of streaming media. Therefore, digital coding and decoding technology is one of the key technologies of IPTV. At present, the applicable coding standards under the broadband network environment are: MPEG-4, AC-1 and H.264, etc. MPEG-4 is the ISO/IEC standard, formulated by MPEG, and currently uses MPEG-4Part2; H.264 is a video coding standard developed by ITU-T’s VCEG and ISO/IEC’s MPEG Joint Video Group JVT. T's H.264 is also ISO/IEC's MPEG-4 Part10; AC-1 is Microsoft's video coding standard, which is the name of the coding standard adopted by WMV9 after submitting materials to the Codec Standards Organization.
The continuous improvement of network bandwidth, such as the application of ADSL2 or ADSL2+ technology, can increase the user's uplink and downlink rate to 1.3M/24M. And if the ITU-T H.264 or WMV9 is used to encode the media stream, the 800K bit rate can already provide a quality close to that of DVD, which fully meets the requirements of current users. Therefore, the combination of the two guarantees the transmission reliability of the IPTV media stream. Although there is no corresponding national standard that specifies the digital coding technology adopted by IPTV, no matter it is MPEG-4, H.264, or WMV9 coding technology, it has reached the requirements of IPTV applications. If combined with the new broadband access technology, any encoded streaming video program can be transmitted in real time.
3, summary
The emergence of IPTV as a new application is not simply an application on broadband networks. Rather, it is produced under the development of network transmission technology, IP multicast routing technology, and streaming media coding technology, and is the result of the powerful combination and application of these key technologies.
IPTV will inject new vitality into broadband operators and program providers. In addition to providing users with communication and information services, broadband operators can also provide users with rich and personalized TV programs through IPTV, which is of great help to attract users and improve user satisfaction.
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