Since domestic 5G officially announced the commercial use, 5G network construction accepted accelerates in the country. The figure of the 5G base station appears in more and more cities, the corner. The coverage of the 5G signal is also expanding.
This means that 5G investment has been fully launched and increasing.
I have always been, "How much is 5G to spend", it is a topic that people are generally concerned. Some people say that 5G investment will be 2 to 3 times the 4G. It is also said that the total investment of 5G will arrive at 1.5 trillion yuan.
According to the latest "2020 China 5G Economic Report", the total investment in 2020-2025 in China is 0.9 to 1.5 trillion yuan.
The largest part of this investment will spend on the construction of 5G base station.
So, as an important object of 5G investment, 5G base station, which part of its cost is made up? These costs, have there any possible possible? Today, Xiaozhen Jun will come to the construction cost analysis of 5G base station.
I have previously been introduced that the base station can generally be divided into a macro base station and a micro base station. Outdoor tower, is a macro base station. At present, our 5G base station is being built in China, and it is also a macro base station.
We will start from the Acer Station. 5G a macro base station, the current generally comprises the following components:
FIG 4G is part of the macro base station, together contrast:
As it can be seen, compared to the macro base station 4G, 5G age, the RRU (Remote Radio Unit), and an antenna feeder line "combined" into AAUs (active antenna element), and the BBU are connected by an optical fiber (baseband processing unit). (Note: BBU by real 5G, is turned into DU and CU are shown below but the current domestic construction has not yet at that stage, or BBU + AAU-based.)
5G macro base station costs, in general, is the main equipment, power equipment installation, civil construction composed.
These are main devices like BBU, AAU, and transmission equipment. Like power, batteries, air conditioners, monitoring, this is the power support. Other rooms, of course, is the construction of civil construction.
First look at the master.
At present, 5G is still in the stage of starting, and the 5G main equipment prices of each equipment manufacturer have also changed. Moreover, there is a huge gap between the price of a device, and the price of the operator group (collecting). For example, at present, a device company's standard (1 BBU + 3 AAU), only hardware price, reported to domestic operators approximately 200,000 yuan (hereinafter, if there is no special instructions, units It is RMB). In foreign abroad, you can report on the price of 30-400,000 yuan.
If you go as an individual to find a device, 1bbu + 1AAU, the other party dare to report 800,000. Non-mainstream manufacturers also dare to report 300,000. (Don't ask me how to know, because I just went to ask.) So, said that the quotation gap between master equipment is very disadvantage. We are currently in the price purchased by domestic operators, about 20 ~ 250,000. BBU generally includes a baseband board, a main control board, a power module, and the like. The price of the baseband board is the most expensive, accounting for the cost of the cost (1 to 20,000). The main control board and the power supply, no money, thousands of pieces.
By the way, the price of 4G master equipment, general BBU1 to 20,000, RRU will, about 1 to 5 thousand, and the antenna is 1 ~ 5 thousand.
Let's take a look at the cost of power support.
The power supporting equipment provides power and cooling protection for the base station, which is a prerequisite for the normal operation of the base station.
According to different base stations configuration, the number and specifications of the power supporting equipment required are also very different. The following table is an example of the power-related ancillary equipment and facilities:
An outdoor cabinet, about 5,000 / month. The power cabinet is generally from 5,000 to 10,000 yuan.
The battery is an emergency electricity after the base station has an accidental interruption. Ordinary lead-acid batteries is 1 ~ 2 yuan / ah. Lithium iron phosphate batteries is 4 yuan or more / Ah. The battery is divided into a cabinet mounting and iron frame installation. The specification is 48V100AH ~ 48V1000AH.
The base station station is also equipped with air conditioning and the price is thousands to 10,000.
In addition, there are some lightning protection facilities and anti-theft monitoring equipment, the price is not very expensive, and it is not only listed.
The hardware cost of the power is considered approximately 3 to 50,000 yuan.
Next is the construction cost of the station building.
This fees are a bit complicated. Sometimes it is a self-built property, sometimes the rental owners, depending on the area where the area is different, the price has a big difference.
You said that Beijing's high-end writing rents a room, the price and the four-five cities are of course not comparable. The rent of a first-tier city is sometimes 5-6 million. In terms of iron tower, a few days ago, Xiaozun Jun just introduced it, divided into a single tube tower, angle steel tower, landscape tower, hug, etc. Different tower types, the price difference is also very large.
Classification of communication tower mast
For example, a conventional three column, about 8.5 tons in weight, cost about 90,000.
According to the information on the hand, I probably estimate the price of various types of iron towers, as shown in the following table:
Tower construction costs Reference
Note: Tower prices have large fluctuations with steel prices, and the above cost is for reference only.
The cost of the mixed-to-earth-related cost involved, sometimes including land survey, construction land and comprehensive compensation fees, external electricity introduction costs, site selection fees, etc. I don't really want to do project budgets today, it is not a one. Through the table above, everyone has a number.
In general, the work of computer room infrastructure is the responsibility of China Tower Company. After the iron tower takes the cost, the rent is charged to the operator. The way to rent is generally calculated according to the volume of the equipment and the space occupied. For example, the Tower is hanging AAU, and the rent is calculated according to the amount of the AAU, occupied the contents of the content.
The costs mentioned above are the hardware-related costs and costs that build a base station need expense.
In addition to hardware costs, coupled with (master equipment) software cost, installation consumables, etc. If the rent is calculated, the average is estimated to be 40 ~ 500,000.
It should be noted that the current operator builds a 5G Acer Station, only a few parts are new construction, most of which are under the existing 2/3 / 4G site, add 5G master. The cost that may be involved is the main equipment cost, computer room transformation, power expansion, and rent required to add 5G equipment. This fees are far below the cost of new base stations.
As mentioned earlier is a macro base station. The words of the micro base station, and the macro base station has a large difference. The price of the micro base station itself is certainly no macro base station, but in the urban population intensive place, rent, admission fee is often more expensive, and the cost of indoor construction (wiring, installation) is also relatively expensive.
At present, domestic 5G construction is mainly a macro base station, relatively easy. In the late stage, the depth coverage, started to build a micro base station, and the operator's pressure will get more and more.
The Hong Station is responsible for wide area coverage, microwate and room points responsible for depth coverage and capacity absorption.
5G except for the construction cost (CAPEX), more terrible is the later maintenance and cost cost (OPEX).
I used to say to everyone, the power consumption of the 5G base station is much larger than the 4G base station, which is currently approximately 3 to 3.5kW, about 2 to 3 times the 4G base station. The electricity bill will be the reality threat of the 5G era operators.
Of course, the state should give certain subsidies in electricity bills. Moreover, with the continuous improvement of technology, the power consumption of the 5G base station will also decrease significantly, which is after.
If the 5G industry application is delayed, if the operator cannot obtain investment returns through 5G construction, then it is bound to affect the enthusiasm of the follow-up 5G, which will affect the final success or failure of 5G.
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