Market Research Institutions IHS Markit pointed out in the released "5G Economic" research report, by 2035, 5G will create $ 123 trillion economic output in the world. This is almost equivalent to all US consumers in 2016, and more than the total consumption expenditure of China, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom and France in 2016.
5G brings not only simple speed improvement. As a unified connection architecture, 5G needs to support diversified spectrum, diversified services and terminals and diversified deployments within this connection design framework. Dr. CTO Thomas Cameron, who was receiving the "Electronic Engineering Album" interview with the "Electronic Engineering Album", pointed out, enhanced mobile broadband (6GHz above frequency band), key business service (1GHZ-6GHz band) and massive Internet of Things (1GHz The frequency band) constitutes the core of the 5G service.
Dr. CTO Thomas Cameron, Adi Communication Business Department
5G service "iron triangle"
"Iron Triangle" specifically includes:
Enhanced mobile broadband
The ultimate throughput and ultra-low delay are two major features of the enhanced moving broadband. In terms of tradition, 4G technology is more dependent on the authorized spectrum. However, 5G has a unified planning and design of the authorized spectrum, the non-authorized spectrum, and shared authorization spectrum from the initial design, and the millimeter wave and super large MIMO will play the key. Role.
Key business service
This type of application is extremely high to reliability, ultra-low delay and popularity, such as more than 99.999% reliability and 1 ms delay. The current advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) is more automatically driving of passive mode, which is completely judged by the car sensor's knowledge of the surrounding information. However, if the vehicle and the car have V2V's ability to have a key business service, then automatic driving will be realized.
Massive network
Including smart cities, smart home, public facilities flow monitoring and measurement, wearable device, remote sensor drive, etc. For example, sensors for use in water meters, electric meters, and public environmental information monitoring, often require no need to replace after deployment, the battery life of the networking terminal is 5-10 years, and energy saving must be done well; Second, the cost of the terminal and the chip is reduced to a few dollars or less; its third is depth coverage, which supports scalable coverage capabilities from a distance perspective.
"In the network migration process from 4G to 5G, the global mobile data flow composite growth rate is 40%. Operators in order to catch up with consumers, in the huge demand for data and ubiquitous connectivity, in network capacity, indoor coverage and Spectroscopy and other fields are subject to considerable pressure. "Thomas Cameron said.
Improve key technology of 5G network coverage and capacity
From the deployment of 5G worldwide, the United States tends to use the microwave band, China and South Korea and other Asia-Pacific countries, the main SUB-6GHz band, Europe is similar to Chinese thinking. From an ADI perspective, 5G will take the lead in achieving scale deployment in SUB-6GHz band, small base station (Small Cell) and Massive MIMO will become key technologies for improving 5G network coverage and capacity.
However, previous small base stations only support one frequency band, now you need to support three to four frequency bands, and the antenna density will jump from previous 2T2R / 4T4R to 64T64R / 128T128R. Although spectrum efficiency can be increased by 5 times, it is necessary to bring challenges in size, cost and power consumption, using this large-scale MIMO antenna integration.
As one of the most comprehensive suppliers of radio frequency and microwave product line, Adi successfully acquired Hittite microwave, Symeo GmbH, Innovasic and Linear, RF and millimeters, high integration in high-speed converters, RF and millimeters Five major fields such as transceivers, precision clocks and power supply form a complete layout. Thomas Cameron focuses on the most representative products of Adi in interviews: AD9371, the industry's first integrated DPD function AD9375, and Radioverse technology and design ecosystems launched in May 2016.
Unlike traditional OEM manufacturers, discrete devices (amplifiers, mixers, demodulators, ADC / DAC, filter, etc.) are used to build a so-called SDR platform, and Adi Radiovers is the practice of providing integrated RF transceivers, software APIs. , Design support packages, complete documents, Adi Engineerzone online technology support community and other resources, providing customers with integrated transceiver technology, robust design environment and technical expertise for specific markets, making radio design quickly from concept product.
5G millimeter wave change RF front end design
Take a look at the 5G access system of the microwave and millimeter wave band. One of the largest obstacles to the microwave band (expected to be executed on 28GHz, 39GHz or 60GHz) wireless access is to overcome unsatisfactory propagation characteristics, and wireless propagation under these frequency bands is largely atmospheric attenuated, raining, obstacles. The effects of materials (architecture, crowd, plant) and reflection, to overcome the dissemination of the access system, it is necessary to adapt adaptive beam-forming techniques. In addition, broadband data conversion, high performance spectrum conversion, high energy efficiency ratio power supply design, advanced packaging technology, OTA test, antenna calibration, etc., all constitute the design challenge facing the 5G access system of the microwave and millimeter band.
Thomas Cameron emphasizes the key role of advanced technology plays. As we all know, Gaas has been the mainstream technology of the microwave industry for many years, and the first-class microwave system is usually implemented in GaAs components, but can SiGe craftsmanship and traditional CMOS process do you have a place?
"This depends on the output power required for each antenna. For example, when the output power is 100mW, the GaAs / Gan Pa; if the power is only 10MW, the SiGe process can be realized." But he also reminded that at the microwave frequency Even GaAS PAs are less efficient because they typically be offset in the linear area, while the SiGe process is overcome high frequency work barriers to function with GaaS at a higher signal path. At the same time, beamforming techniques reduce the limitations and requirements of PA power emission, which gives the CMOS technology to function, coupled with the CMOS process with the high intensity required for beamforming systems, which for many signal chains and auxiliary control Function is a gospel.
Of course, this also means that the designer must have the ability to integrate different performance components. At present, ADI has conducted a wide range of technical investments in the above three fields, which have the ability to provide a complete solution from the front ADC / DAC to the back-end antenna array.
The last consideration of the 5G system is the mutual dependence of mechanical design and RF IC segmentation. Within 50 GHz, the antenna will be part of the substrate, and the expected routing and part passive structures may embed on the substrate; when more than 50GHz, the antenna elements and spacings become sufficiently small, and the antenna structure can be packaged, or Integrated into the package. Therefore, both RF ICs and mechanical structures must be one and design to ensure the symmetry of routing and minimize loss. That is, if there is no powerful 3D modeling tool to perform a large number of simulations required for these design, then these tasks cannot be completed.
Original address: https://www.eeboard.com/news/adi-5g/
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