Regardless of the suspected persons, the scientific community believes that our climate is changing. To measure and quantify this change, it is necessary to accurately monitor the basic indicators and vital signs, providing us with accurate data, from which things will happen.
This paper focuses on sensor technology, which can be used to measure and report subtle (rather than so subtle) climate change. This includes systems for measuring real-time conditions and systems designed to track slow moving indicators that indicate long-term trends. All techniques, components, and development systems referenced here can be found on the Digi-Key website.
Carbon dioxide analysis
The correlation between the calorie capture carbon dioxide level and the average global temperature has been fully recorded. Ice core samples can be traced back to 800,000 years has enabled researchers to measure the relative amounts of COs dissolved on the ice surface, and it freeze indicates how most gases at the atmosphere at the time. Scientists pointed out that the annual ring of the tree, the layer of CO's layers and relative amounts of thickness 2 measurement can be used to determine the average temperature (in, however, the time delay level and the change in Co is changed at the temperature).
Although historical geological data (Fig. 1) shows an abnormal period 2 having a relatively high content of CO and the temperature is statistically lower than expected. It is known that the track mode, the black sub-period, the relative glacier surface area, volcanic activity, etc. Feedback factors have affected these data.
Looking at carbon dioxide, from 1950, this is clear that the carbon dioxide level is significantly higher than that, so strongly, the lag of our lives will soar before the global temperature before the gap.
Sensor solution
This means that sensors for real-time measurement of carbon dioxide levels are critical to determining the current level and predicting that the greenhouse gas is about to cause temperature. While measuring from track satellites using spectral and RF technologies, the ground and atmospheric sensors of a particular location are very useful for helping the accumulated database. This is especially true in big cities that affect health in greater fog.
In the carbon dioxide sensor that is ideal for these tasks, Seeed Technologies's Grove 101020067. It is a high sensitivity, high resolution (1 ppm resolution, 0-2000 ppm range) equipment, using non-tailorless infrared technology to measure the carbon dioxide content in air by different humidity levels (relative humidity from 0% to 90%). . The integrated temperature sensor allows the Grove sensor to compensate for temperature changes, and simple UART output can be easily connected to almost any microcontroller.
Other competitive solutions are also worth considering for this application, such as the Amphenol T6713 gas sensor also provides 0-2000 ppm ranges and use I 2 C serial interface instead of UART (Figure 2). The corresponding T6713-EVAL kits provided by Amphenol can also be shipped to the technology for fast and low-risk testing.
Methane: a bigger culprit
Methane is a second largest epidemic gas that leads to global warming. In our born, approximately 60% of methane released to the atmosphere will come from human activities, such as leakage based on fossil fuel, agriculture, waste management, etc. (Figure 3).
In the overall percentage, the thermal lower portion 2 of the methane trap in the atmospheric Co ratio is 5 years and during 20 years, it can capture 72 times more heat. It is grateful that the methane has a shorter half-life than carbon dioxide (7-year-old pharmaceutical, 19 to 49 years old carbon dioxide and reasonable average) is estimated to be 90 years old). 2
Although some earlier studies tend to conclusions in the general decrease in artificial methane levels, the recent examination shows that excessive leakage of controversial fracturing technology (hydraulic fracture or "fracturing") is drilling and injection fluid. Process. In order to break the shale and release gas, the high pressure may release more methane - because natural gas is mainly methane - enter the atmosphere.
More importantly, observations show that the oceans around the world are released a large amount of methane. 3
This means that if we have the opportunity, monitoring and control of methane is the necessary components of our global climate change strategy. Such as carbon dioxide monitoring, ground, and space-based sensor techniques will need to find and eliminate methane release as much source as possible.
The good news here is that the established sensor-based technology and new MEM sensor technology are producing available solutions that allow a large deployment sensor array to accurately collect the necessary data.
A heaters-based sensor, such as Parallax 605-00008, which uses a tin dioxide layer in an aluminum dioxide to provide resistance variation according to the gas concentration (Fig. 4). Temperature and humidity must be monitored and used as part of the sensing algorithm to more accurately identify the gas level and make this type of sensor effectively, but once design, the solution provides fast response time, high sensitivity, and relative Simple interface circuit.
Although applicable to many ground-based design, the dimensions and power may not be limited, but the 160 mA drive current required for the heater may be harmful to the design of balloons and environmental isolation, which may require some form of energy collection. Allow long-term monitoring. From a good aspect, this sensor can also be biased toward the liquefied petroleum gas, butane, propane, alcohol and hydrogen sulfate.
Another volatile gas sensor that provides a good solution is from AMS and is based on updated MEM technology. The IAQ-core C is a smaller, low power, and a volatile gas sensor mounted on the surface, which is mainly for the measurement of indoor air quality, but can be applied to the air measurement system and (Fig. 5). The sensor can monitor carbon dioxide and the concentration of volatile gas using MEMS metal oxide sensors.
The sensor itself is protected by plastic cover and filter membrane. The sensor module can be welded directly to the main circuit board through the edge connector, and welded by selective or reflow. It is protected by a film (should not be removed). The sensor system uses I 2 C as a serial communication mechanism, allowing engineers to specify almost any low-cost microcontroller directly to it. In consecutive mode, it dissipates 67 mW, but it can work with low 9 milliwatts to work in pulse mode.
Small knot
We are all together. In the absence of relevant data, we are meaningless to controversifici the source, causes and influences of greenhouse gases. Everyone should be able to reach a consensus that all sources of these gases are required, including natural sources. As we shown in this article, the necessary sensor solutions can be used for engineers engaged in developing and designs, which are designed to measure real-time conditions and slow movement indicators that determine long-term trends.
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