In the field of modern communications, Beam-Forming technology has a very broad application. In 5G communication, phased array radar, satellite communications, etc. is also increasingly attached to engineers.
Beamforming or Spatial Filtering is a signal processing technology for direct signal transmission or reception in the sensor array. This is achieved by experiencing the interference between the elements in the antenna array under certain angles. Boam forming can be used in the transmitting end and the receiving end to achieve spatial selectivity. Engineers use beamforming techniques that have been a long history, such as using beams to compensate for satellite communications with channel attenuation. The distance between the satellite and the ground receiving antenna is very far, the channel attenuation is very large, so that the satellite signal arrives at the ground, the energy is very small, even less than hot noise. Therefore, we need to find ways to improve the energy of the receiving satellite signal. Most energy is not received by the ground antenna when the satellite signal is radiated in the space, but is wasted. To avoid this waste, we use beamforming when receiving and transmitting satellite signals. Thus, both the transmitted electromagnetic wave signal is concentrated in one direction, and as long as the receiving antenna can be aligned, the received satellite signal energy can be greatly improved.
The beamforming technology of the phased array antenna (as described in Figure 1), we can wirelessly confer the N antenna array linearly or two-dimensionally, and the amplitude of each individual antenna in the array is intelligently controlled by electronics. Phase excitation to generate beams that point to the desired direction. In the case where the physical structure is fixed, the phase-controlled array antenna can make beamforming and beam scanning.
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Figure 1
In response to the phase-controlled array system in the satellite communication, the engineer of the Technical Authorized Distributor Excelpoint World Jian Company introduced to us the SHEJANG ADI's SEA's SAM-Forming integrated chip, which can be a wide range of satellites. Communication customers provide a new generation of systematic solutions (Figure 2). The system solution includes multi-channel amplifier control integrated sets of antenna front end control integrated sleeve ADAR1000, online variable frequency mixer LTC5548 / LTC5549, local oscillator PLLVCO integrated chip ADF5356 / ADF5610, low frequency 2T / 2R transceiver integrated set ADRV9009. More than dozens of chips can be completed compared to traditional ultra-parallel ways, it can complete the volume and power consumption of the entire transceiver system.
Figure 2
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Next, the RAIN focuses on the active antenna amplifier control scheme ADAR1000 in the front end of the phase array. The ADAR1000 is a 4-channel X and Ku band beamforming chip suitable for the phase array. The device operates between the received and transmit modes. In reception mode, the input signal is combined with four receiving channels after the public RF_IO pin. In the transmit mode, the RF_IO input signal is split and passed through four transmit channels. In both modes, the ADAR1000 provides ≥ 31 DB of gain adjustment range and complete 360 ° phase adjustment range in the radio frequency (RF) path, which is better than 6 bits (lower than ≤0.5 dB and 2.8 °, respectively). And support the storage of each channel gain phase information stored by up to 126 beams, support the designer of the phased array radar and the communication system to replace the original huge mechanical steering antenna platform in a manner of electrical scanning. The ADAR1000 is integrated with low noise (or power amplifiers), phase shifters, and variable gain amplifiers. 4 channel ADAR1000 active antenna beamforming chip can replace the 12 discrete components required for antenna phase gain regulation and digital control, significantly simplify the size, weight and power consumption of the phase controlled radar system used by the satellite communication. In particular, the ADAR1000 is used in the planar array, which makes a flat array radar assembled in different platforms with great competitiveness.
The ADAR1000 principle block diagram is shown in Figure 3. In addition to the core 4T / 4R amplitude phase control, the ADAR1000 integrated kit also includes temperature detection, power detection, and provides BIAS supply voltages that may require plug-in high power power versus and LNA, which will further reduce engineers in PCB design. The power control is difficult to control and the PCB size.
Figure 3
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Finally, Rain introduced a specific case: Swongjian Company's end user hopes to reduce the overall weight of the 30% phased array antenna, for this need, Shijian recommended the ADAR1000 integrated chip to successfully solve the design problem. Use the 4-channel ADAR1000 replace the original discrete component scheme to reduce the system size and weight by more than 30%. Make the entire satellite system more conveniently equipped with large transportation vehicles such as ships and aircraft. The following figure (4) For the customer, the customer's VSWR, PHASE ERROR, GAIN with frequency change curve:
Figure 4
As can be seen from the test results, although the ADAR1000 integrates and replaces the previous 12 discrete components within 7x7mm package sizes, performance does not decrease with high integration. Customers are very satisfied with overall performance and cost. And proposes an integrated chip for the 8th channel and 16 channels.
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The ADAR1000 has a very excellent performance in the beam-forming design in front of the phase-controlled array antenna, making this type of integrated sleeve into mainstream programs in large-scale phase-controlled radiachers and satellite communication applications. To this end, it is foreseeable that in the shortcomings, more channels, higher frequencies, and bandwidth multi-function integrated sets will be pushed to the market, and the antenna array size of multiple units will be further reduced.
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About World Jian - Asia Pacific Leading Components Authorization Agent
Shijian is a complete solution provider, providing an original equipment manufacturer (OEM), Original Design Manufacturer (ODM) and Electronics Manufacturing Service Provider (EMS), Engineering Design and Supply Chain for Asian Electronics manufacturers (OEMs), Original Design Manufacturer (ODM) and Electronic Manufacturing Service Providers (EMS). Management service.
The close collaboration of World Health and Suppliers and Electronics makes new technology and trends, and helps customers combine these state-of-the-art technology into their products. The Group has R & D centers in Singapore, China and Vietnam, and the professional R & D team constantly creates new solutions to help customers improve cost-effective and shortened product listing time. The complete solutions and reference designs of World Jian Jian's research and development can be applied to industrial, wireless communications and consumer electronics and other fields.
Shijian is Singapore's motherboard listed company, headquartered in Singapore, with approximately 750 employees, the business scope has been extended to more than 40 cities and regions of the Asia Pacific, in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, China, India, Indonesia, Philippines And more than 10 countries such as Australia. World Jian Group has more than $ 1.2 billion in 2018. Shijian began to develop China's business in 1993, China Headquarters is located in Hong Kong and has 11 branches and offices, R & D centers and logistics centers, and many cities and regions in China.
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