Bright copper plating process research

"Through the study of acid bright copper plating process with compound brightener, it is obtained that the suitable process conditions of the system are: H_ 2SO_ 4 is 160 ~ 200g / L, CuSO_ 4·5H_ 2O is 80 ~ 100g / L, n is 0.0010 ~ 0.0014g/l, M is 0.0032 ~ 0.0042g/l, PEG-6000 is 0.060 ~ 0.100g/l, Cl ~ - is 40 ~ 80 ppm, temperature is 10 ~ 40 ℃, current density is 0.8 ~ 4.0a/dm ~ 2. Under suitable process conditions, the surface of the plating sheet is fine and smooth, but the area is uneven. When the temperature is 40 ℃, the current efficiency is 99.65%. The suitable process condition of Z-type brightener acid bright copper plating system is h_ 2SO_ 4 study the structural and electrical characteristics of coreless PCB transformers and inductors, analyze their application prospects, further improve and improve their performance, expand their application fields, and realize the miniaturization of transformers and inductors. This paper expounds the basic structure and principle of coreless PCB transformer, introduces and analyzes hurly Duffy's calculation method of self inductance and mutual inductance of coreless PCB transformer, points out its shortcomings, revises the current element model on the basis of Newman formula, regards the coil as a thick coil, deduces the generally applicable calculation formula, and gives the test method and test circuit. This paper also improves the structure of coreless transformer, and the analysis becomes simpler. Two new PCB inductors, bracelet and column type, are also proposed in this paper. The calculation formulas of inductance of non dense wound cylindrical solenoid are derived. Bracelet and cylindrical inductors are placed inside the printed board. With the continuous improvement of the manufacturing process and manufacturing level of the printed board, the volume can be made very small., Technology Zone Te connectivity reduces high-density switch design with zqsfp + stacked bell to Bell Cage Detailed explanation of PCB copy steps and counter copy Countermeasures Best guide for RF and mixed signal PCB layout (expert application notes) 8 IC replacement techniques to help you design PCB circuit more perfectly On RF circuit design“

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