In front of a subject, a brush is slowly rubbing a rubber hand on the table; at the same time, her own hands outside the field of view are also accepting the same stimulation. At the end of the experiment, the trial began to think that this rubber hand is his own hand.
This "rubber hand" is just a psychological small trick. But it also needs to be carefully designed: Generally, to make such an illusion, the operator needs to repeated practice how to rub the human hand and rubber hand with a hair brush. In order to study how people feel their own body, the University of Glasgow University, the University of Gelasgow, is the design, but it built a set of automated equipment to manipulate the brush, not dependent on the training assistant. The core of this device is an Arduino microcontroller.
By The Project Twins
Plenty of cheap, streamlined, and very easy to modify the setup computing device is changing the DIY electronics, and Arduino is one of them. Not only that, but they have become increasingly changing the research community (see the "Turnover of Micro Computers"). The price of a basic board can be as low as 30 yuan, and 400 RMB is sufficient to purchase a full range of equipment including power, chassis and wire. These systems have little fancy function, and their learning curves are sometimes very steep, but Arduino and the same type of Rasperry Pi, which contain considerable powerful calculation on minimal circuit board, automated, networked And data collection and analysis provide a lot of opportunities.
These features can provide economic and useful double conveniences for researchers. The user can put such a system into a very small space, and they are deployed without the display and keyboard, which can be purchased in batches, and put them in the remote field investigation location and pass back the data. To achieve all of this requires only a little creativity.
No experience
Although researchers have been personalized by computer for decades, and integrate them into their own experiments, small and cheap "microcontrolled machines" is only the last few years. In 2012, the function is complete, and the Raspberry Party of the Linux operating system is "in September 2016, it has sold tens of millions.
Since the launch of 2005, Arduino has been equally popular, but the programmable microcontroller, but programmable microcontroller. The outgoing accessories for both devices include cameras, motion sensors, thermometer, and Bluetooth adapters. Even the international space station has an integrated equipment developed to promote projects; a gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer, and various sensors for measuring temperature, air pressure, and humidity are loaded.
On Earth, Raspberry Pieces, Arduino, and other similar equipment are used to build a variety of devices: the underwater recorders used in marine biology, the robots of assembling gene editing tools, and can quickly identify drugs from human spots system.
Harvard University's Hakho Lee research direction is medical diagnostic instrument; he has developed a system for diagnosing drug-resistant bacterial infections. He said, in the initial, he tried to use a smartphone as a central computer of the instrument, but the mobile dismantling transformation is not easy. On the contrary, equipment like Arduino and Raspberry Pivotes is used for modification; it is appropriate to integrate them into research sensors.
"Arduino is perfect for this demand," he said, "this series has long had a variety of models, and it is modular. If I want to add Bluetooth function, just buy the Bluetooth module inserted into the motherboard It is completed. "
Although Lee is rich in electronic equipment experience, such background is not required: the plug-and-play feature of these devices has attracted a large number of researchers without electrical engineering or programming. It's very simple to turn a barberry board into a normal running computer, just inserting an SD card preloaded by a PI operating system, plugging in a display, mouse, and power. For this device, you need more work, but for most people, online detailed introduction should be very enough.
In fact, the Raspberry Piece is used to program teaching in British children. Both the Raspberry Party and Arduino are used in C ++-based language, so the foundation with this programming language will help, but this is not necessary to get started, the researcher of the University of California Caffritards Shengmu Ji Xiong said. "Choose a project, then start the experiment." (A sample is a variant of "Hello, World!", Which is familiar with the programmer; here, the target is not displaying the information on the screen, but to make the board LED lights up and extinguished.)
Shengmu has developed a set of devices called "Flyception", and its core is also an Arduino; this instrument can wirelessly monitor the brain activity when the Drosophila has responded to the stimulus. The Arduino processor is responsible for controlling the image trigger and other functions. "ARDUINO can synchronize a lot of machinery and electronic equipment with our imaging and behavior record equipment, package into a collection of easy-to-use, this is where it is." He said.
Current money spot
Before the researchers start assembled equipment, they have to decide what to buy: they have to face a huge market that is enough to make people dizziness. The Raspberry School now has three generations of basic types, as well as a $ 5 "PI Zero" foundation and a low energy version. The model of Arduino is more. In addition, there is Intel Galileo and Edison board, open source Banana Pi, as well as Odroid based on the Android operating system.
PAOLO de Souza, which is engaged in micro-sensor technology and equipment research in Australia Federal Science and Industrial Research, when choosing a device, you need to carefully consider the following three attributes: fees, functions, and sizes. "In general, you have to give up one in these three; I want to find a cheap, small size, and powerful equipment are not easy."
For example, DE Souza has engaged in the development of automated machinery such as submarines and roaming vehicles, and the requirements of these devices are power saving and can handle complex sensing data. His team chose Odroid Xu3 (now replaced with $ 60 XU4); this device is more expensive than the Raspberry, but the performance is much more. But in another study for bees, he uses Intel's Edison: It is lower for electricity, and can even be driven with solar energy.
At the same time, scientists should consider how their computer interacts with other elements in the experiment. Raspberry Pie can be externally standard display, USB keyboard, and mouse. However, as a microprocessor, Arduino needs to connect to the computer with an outer wiring to program.
Not all microcontrollers have the same function. For example, most of the equipment can read information from the Micro USB interface, but some devices also have Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. These factors will become very important if you want to build an experimental device to which you can transfer information to another, or you need access to the camera or other external sensor to make complex research. In the bee research in de Souza, the bee is installed on a RF identification chip that triggers the corresponding sensor when they fly over; the Edison computer located inside the hive is responsible for processing the data generated and overloaded analyze.
"Consider your option; you may also get your needs, see if you can cut off several," de Souza said. While the system is continuously upgraded, you should also prepare for the device: In De Souza's honeybee observation project, the microcontroller used in the beginning, is a company named Ledato, then changed to the Raspberry Party. Then, Galileo, finally moved to Edison.
Xiao Ji Cao
For newcomers, choose the most popular equipment - which is the advantages of Raspberry Piva and Arduino.
The user's forum of these two devices is very popular, with millions of posts and hundreds of thousands of members, which can provide very practical resources for novices. Researchers often seek assistance in these forums, and the issues include the use of Arduino to accurately calculate the surrounding, set temperature sensors, and the like. The development organization of the Raspberry Party even provides a range of videos and common errors on the website to help newcomers start.
"What you don't want to do is to deal with technical issues that others have already resolved," said David White, a computer scientist of the University of London, said he has a rich experience of Raspberry. "Use standard solutions to save a lot of time. You can use these equipment very popular, and there are many cases available for reference."
But it is necessary to achieve help, do not necessarily rely on the Internet. "You can talk to those who have worked for these equipment," White said. DE Souza provides another approach: recruiting some graduate students with information technology background. "IT students are very enthusiastic about their fields, and always keep up with the latest solution," he said.
A portion of the researchers will eventually find the Raspberry Party or Arduino component is not enough to support their experimental needs. After discovering that Arduino's system clock is not accurate enough, after the requirements of the Flyception system, Shengshu is transferred to the MyrIO controller of the US national instrument company. Lee plans to use Jetson produced by NVIDIA to provide higher processing capabilities for future projects.
But for most people, simple, small and cheap Raspberry Pivics and Arduino are what they need. This is also the feelings of Rao. "Arduino is a gift of God," she said. ?
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