The H-bridge (full bridge) driver is very popular in driving a brush DC motor and has been widely used in robotics and industries. The main advantages of using the H-bridge drive are efficient, rotational direction, and brake motors. I introduced a full H bridge DC motor driver using four IR3205 power MOSFETs and two IR2104 MOSFET drives. In theory, the above MOSFET can handle the current of up to 80 A; however, in fact, if the use of large heat sinks or even the fan maintains the MOSFET temperature at a low level, we can expect up to 40 A. Current.
circuit analysis
Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an H-bridge DC motor drive. Obviously, the core of the circuit is two IR2104 MOSFET driver chips.
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of H-bridge DC motor drive
I have selected 4 IR32051 for switching. The MOSFET has excellent characteristics, which is essential for this app, RDS (ON) very low resistance and high current processing capabilities. According to IRF3205 Data Sheet: "The advanced HEXFET power MOSFET of INTERNATIONAL Rectifier utilizes advanced processing technology to achieve extremely low per silicon area guidance resistance. This advantage combined with HEXFET power MOSFET well-known rapid switching speed and rugged device design To provide designers with an extremely effective and reliable device, it can be widely used in a variety of applications. TO-220 packaging is a general preferred preferred in all commercial industrial applications, its power consumption is about 50W.to-220 low heat Thermal and low package cost make it widely recognized throughout the industry. "
I chose two IR21042 to drive the MOSFET. According to IR2104 Data Sheet: "IR2104 (S) is a high pressure, high speed power MOSFET, and IGBT drivers, with related high-end and low-end reference output channels. Proprietary HVIC and anti-latch CMOS technology enable a strong single piece. Logic Enter the standard CMOS or LSTTL output compatible, as low as 3.3V logic. The output driver has a high pulse current buffer level to minimize the cross-conduction of the drive. Floating channel can be used to drive the N-channel power MOSFET or IGBT in the high-end configuration The operating voltage is 10 to 600V. "
The good news about IR2104 is that the chip is compatible with 3.3V and 5V logic. Figure 2 shows the basic wiring diagram of the chip. Obviously, the supply of the chip and load (motor) does not require the same; however, the two power supplies have the same basis.
Figure 2: Wiring diagram of the IR2104 MOSFET driver chip
C1, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 and C9 have been used to reduce noise. R1 and D2, R2, and D3, R3 and D8, R4, and D9 have been used to suppress the ringing and parasitic effects that the inductor and capacitors may be introduced during MOSFET on / off. Don't forget that the MOSFET introduces a capacitor on its gate length. The 1 N4148 diode discharges the gate capacitor.
D4, D5, D6, and D73 are used to suppress the reverse current spike of DC motors. The internal reverse Schottky diode is embedded in the MOSFET. However, using these external Schottky diodes can also reduce the stress on the internal diode. Select C2, C8, D1, and D10 depending on the data table and application requirements.
P1 is a five-needle XH connector for applying the power supply and control signal of the chip to the board. K1 is a KF45 power connector for connecting the motor and the power cord of the motor to the board.
PCB layout
Figure 3 shows the PCB layout of the H-bridge DC motor driver. It is a two-layer PCB board, and all component packages are through holes.
Figure 3: PCB layout of H-bridge DC motor driver
Figure 4 shows a 3D view of the PCB board from the top and bottom.
Figure 4: 3D view of the top and bottom of the plate
I don't have the schematic symbol of IR21044 and IRF32055 (component library) and the PCB occupied space, so I use the Samacsys component library and install the missing libraries (Figure 5) using the Samacsys Altium Designer plugin (Figure 5). Samacsys has provided plugins for almost all famous electronic design software (Figure 6). Interestingly, all services are free, the library follows IPC standards. You only need to download and use your favorite CAD plugin. 6 Another option is to download libraries from ComponentSearchengine.com and import them.
Figure 5: Selected components in the Samacsys Altium plugin
Figure 6: Electronic design CAD software supported by Samacsys plugin
The carrier board is not completely covered by the solder resist. This allows you to enhance the track by welding or using some crude copper wires. Figure 7 shows the tracks of these portions exposed.
Figure 7: Partially exposed high electricity PCB trace
Assembly and test
Figure 8 shows the assembled unit, Figure 9 shows the test environment. I have programmed Arduino UNO to control the motor drive board. I also built a simple keyboard on the prototype to change the speed (using PWM) and the direction of rotation of the motor.
Figure 8: Assembled H-bridge DC motor driver
Figure 9: DC motor driver board, Arduino UNO and test bench
All buttons are valid at low levels and use Arduino's internal pull-up resistor. You can consider the following ARDUINO code:
#include
INT PWM_Value;
Byte enable_pin = 13;
Byte PWM1_PIN = 11;
Byte PWM2_PIN = 10;
Byte PWM_PIN = 11;
Up button (9,25, true, true);
Press the button (8, 25, true, true);
To the left button (7, 25, true, true);
To the right button (6, 25, true, true);
Void setup () {
PINMODE (enable_pin, output);
PINMODE (PWM1_PIN, output);
PINMODE (PWM2_PIN, output);
Up.begin ();
Down.begin ();
LEFT.BEGIN ();
Right.begin ();
DigitalWrite (enable_pin, low);
PWM_Value = 0;
AnalogWrite (PWM1_PIN, PWM_VALUE);
AnalogWrite (PWM2_PIN, PWM_VALUE);
}
Invalid cycle ()
{
DigitalWrite (enable_pin, high);
Up.read ();
Down.read ();
LEFT.READ ();
Right.read ();
If (Up.wasreleased () && PWM_Value <250)
{
PWM_Value + = 5;
}
If (Down.wasreleased () && PWM_Value> 5)
{
PWM_Value- = 5;
}
If (left.wasreleased ())
{
PWM_PIN = PWM1_PIN;
AnalogWrite (PWM2_PIN, 0);
}
If (right.wasreleased ())
{
PWM_PIN = PWM2_PIN;
AnalogWrite (PWM1_PIN, 0);
}
AnalogWrite (PWM_PIN, PWM_VALUE);
}
Material list
Figure 10 shows a list of materials.
Figure 10: Material list of H-bridge DC motor drive
Edit: hfy, read full text
Our other product:
