"Recently, at the third international hydrogen energy and fuel cell vehicle conference held in Jiangsu, Great Wall Motors announced its stake in H2 mobility, a German hydrogen station operator, and said it would work with it to promote the construction of hydrogen energy infrastructure in Europe, China and even the world.
As soon as the news came out, it immediately attracted the attention of the industry and pushed hydrogen energy, a new energy, to us again. What about hydrogen energy? What is the significance of Great Wall Motor's move?
01
Hydrogen is the cleanest energy in theory.
As we all know, the stock of fossil fuels on earth is limited, and it will eventually be exhausted in the future. It is reported that global oil exploitation will reach a peak by 2020, and then the oil output value will decline year by year. This means that human beings must find alternative energy for cars.
At present, nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy and tidal energy are alternative energy sources that have been applied. Among them, the potential threat of nuclear energy is still difficult to break, the utilization rate of solar energy is not high, and wind energy and tidal energy are unstable, so it is difficult to apply them directly to cars. Therefore, mankind is still looking for alternative energy.
Anyone who has studied chemistry knows that after hydrogen reacts with oxygen, while generating energy, the theoretical product is extremely clean, because it is water. The data show that the hydrogen generation efficiency used in fuel cell can reach more than 50%, and the energy conversion efficiency is also high. Therefore, hydrogen energy has entered the list of alternative energy sources.
02
There are many ways to produce hydrogen, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
When it comes to hydrogen production, there are actually many ways. At present, the main methods used are associated hydrogen, hydrogen production from fossil fuels, electrolytic water, biological hydrogen production, photolysis of water, etc.
For example, hydrogen can be produced by coke oven gas coking and chlor alkali industry, but due to previous reasons, these industries in China did not take out hydrogen production alone.
At present, coal hydrogen production is the main source of hydrogen production, and the cost is relatively low. Including Japan, coal hydrogen production is also carried out in Australia and Brunei. Although China is rich in coal resources, the pollution of coal chemical industry itself has been criticized. It will also produce a large amount of carbon dioxide and consume water. At present, some technologies try to bury carbon dioxide underground, but it also takes a long time to digest it.
It should be noted that at present, platinum is used as the catalyst (platinum, precious metal, currently more than 180 yuan / g) in the commercial proton exchange membrane that catalyzes hydrogen and oxygen to form current between electrode plates in fuel cells. This requires that the hydrogen used in hydrogen fuel cells must have a certain purity. For example, the sulfur content needs to be strictly regulated, because it will lead to platinum "poisoning", reduce the performance of the catalyst and even failure. China's coal industry had no targeted regulations on hydrogen, so how to purify it will be a problem.
As for electrolytic water, biological hydrogen production and photolysis of water to produce hydrogen, at present, the efficiency is not high and the cost is not low.
03
Hydrogenation is fast, and hydrogen storage and transportation are not easy.
The hydrogenation process is similar to refueling. It is said that it can be completed in only 3-5 minutes. Its efficiency is naturally much better than the charging efficiency of power battery. However, due to the flammable and explosive characteristics of hydrogen, it is not easy to store and transport hydrogen.
At present, storing and transporting hydrogen in liquid form can reduce safety risks, but even so, it still belongs to the category of hazardous chemicals, and the transportation technology needs to be overcome. At the same time, vehicles transporting liquid hydrogen must also be approved by relevant transportation departments on the road, and the cost is not low.
Therefore, the industry now tends to produce hydrogen at the hydrogenation station, or there are hydrogen production points within 100km. When it comes to hydrogenation stations, since hydrogen is currently defined as a dangerous chemical, according to regulations, hydrogenation stations must be built in chemical parks in most places. If the follow-up does not change, it may be difficult to popularize the hydrogenation station in China. After all, no one is willing to run to the chemical park in order to add hydrogen to the car.
In addition, the construction cost of hydrogenation station is not low. Some data show that it is about US $2-3 million / set, which is also the reason why it is difficult to popularize hydrogenation station. According to the plan, by 2020, there will be 100 hydrogenation stations in China; However, for China's land area, this can only be regarded as a drop in the bucket. Japan plans to build 160 hydrogen refueling stations by 2020. Of course, it is enough for it with a land area slightly smaller than Yunnan.
Great Wall Motors owns 5% of the German company h2m this time. At present, more than 50 hydrogenation stations have been put into operation in Germany, and more than 40 hydrogenation stations are under implementation. In contrast, the number and scale of its hydrogenation stations are indeed considerable, which should be the reason to attract great wall motors to join. According to Great Wall Motors, in the future, it will work closely with h2m to jointly promote hydrogen energy infrastructure in Europe, China and the world, and jointly accelerate the transition to hydrogen energy transportation in Europe and China.
04
Many auto companies have joined the hydrogen energy camp.
Although there are still many problems to be solved in the application of hydrogen energy, and other environmental protection risks brought by using hydrogen as an energy carrier must be prevented, in theory, the cleanness of hydrogen energy is beautiful.
At present, many car companies around the world have begun to pay attention to and study hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. BMW, Mercedes Benz and other luxury brands are listed. Toyota, Honda and Hyundai are keen on this and have launched mass-produced models. At present, Toyota Mirai and honda clarity have reached the road standard, and their performance is almost the same as that of the current mainstream fuel models.
Domestically, Great Wall Motor also has fuel cell drive technology since it acquired 51% equity of Shanghai fuel cell vehicle power system Co., Ltd. on August 31. SAIC Maxus fcv80 hydrogen fuel cell vehicle under SAIC Group was put on sale last year.
It is predicted that by 2025, the global hydrogen energy market is expected to reach a scale of 10 trillion yuan, with a promising prospect; However, people in the industry have made similar predictions on the power battery market. So, which form will dominate the future new energy vehicles? Maybe we can only walk and watch., Read the full text, technical section
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