With the emergence of IPv6, for all practical uses, the only Internet address is almost unlimited. Therefore, how to apply them is not fully defined, but simply, the term "smart" will play a key role.
For example, smart home will show an ideal environment for addressable nodes; each device at home is completely 'smarter' in the near future, which means that our home will become more intelligent.
The idea of remote management home environment is just a beginning. From the concept, you don't even manage your business from the traditional sense; your family will be able to make a decision. Mainly manifested as: smart lighting, identifying an security system of personal identity, or adapting to the season, time and occupancy environment settings. All of this will be possible, which is to be attributed to the microcontroller to provide a powerful support, and these nodes are mainly collected and exchanged in a wireless communication through a secure channel.
Evolution of wireless technology
For decades, wireless communication technology has been used to promote control in industrial environments; for a long time before cellular technology, the second GHz bandwidth (currently still) is mainly used to create a special and stable RF link. This link also has good coverage and elasticity. However, it can be said that the recent work in the 2.4 GHz bandwidth 'open' wireless technology has promoted innovation, and the relevant agreements launched at the same time are also numerous. Today, use 868.0 - 868.6 MHz (Europe), 902 - 928 MHz (North America) and 2400 - 2483.5 MHz (Global) frequency band is usually referred to as IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE specification, currently including a series of more High-level agreements such as Zigbee, Bluetooth and thread protocols.
Sustained innovation has made the manufacturer's significant reduction in the power consumption and size of the microcontroller that has enabled radio frequency, and now it is expected to provide a foundation building block for smart electrical appliances to connect it to the family. The gateway and connected to the entire Internet since then. In this way, the homeowners will soon monitor and control these smart electrical appliances anywhere, and the gateway can also obtain certain autonomy in the control of the home environment.
To a certain extent, the vision of this smart home will be implemented by deploying smart meters, while smart meters can monitor the delivery of natural gas, water and electricity. After the combination of electrical appliances responsible for consuming these items, the vision of smart home is obviously initially formed. However, smarter use of limited resources is just one aspect. There will be many opportunities to improve our daily activities in the future, including security access control. The currently available 'smart lock' can use personal code programming, helping the house owner understand the situation in the family, including who is at home and at home.
Smart home will be implemented by a large number of sensors, controlling and connecting with low cost, ultra-low power consumption, which is a great opportunity for OEMs engaged in this exciting and possible profit.
Integrated solution
Although the low-level protocol is still IEEE 802.15.4, the higher-level protocols are varied and different, and the implementation of these protocols is also the same. For example, the JN516X series wireless microcontroller launched by NXP Semiconductors integrates a proprietary 32-bit RISC kernel and a wireless transceiver containing 2.45 GHz radio, modem, baseband controller, and security coprocessor, and a larger The dedicated output of the external power amplifier is used directly to control the external power amplifier.
Security Association processors provide hardware-based 128-bit AES-CCM modes required in IEEE 802.15.4 2006, and transceiver block provides Mac and PHY functions controlled by protocol stack controlled by the CPU, as well as advanced protocols and applications. Software.
Although the modem provides a digital transceiver to meet all the necessary modulation and spreading functions required by IEEE 802.15.4 standard under 250 kbit / s, the baseband processor provides all timing key features of the MAC layer, using specialized hardware to ensure air The accuracy of the interface. This hardware / software partition allows the software to implement the protocol to arrange the event sequence required by millisecond resolution, and hardware can implement specific events in microsecond timing resolution. The software can handle higher level functions of the protocol, for example, using the service provided by the baseband processor to send management and data messages between endpoints and coordinator nodes (Fig. 2).
Security Association processors can be accessed by application software to perform encryption / decryption operations. The hardware-based implementation of the encryption engine can significantly speed up the process. In addition, JN516X also has twenty universal digital I / O pins, as well as two dedicated digital outputs.
Future line map
Another example of a highly integrated radiosystem is the EM358X series that Silicon Labs is launched by the ARM Cortex-M3 core (Figure 3).
This series also has a 2.4 GHz that meets the IEEE 802-15.4-standard transceiver. According to Silicon Labs, this series uses an efficient architecture that exceeds the dynamic range requirements specified by the IEEE standard for 15 dB. Using integrated receiving channel filtering means that the device using this series of SOCs can coexist with other devices used in the 2.4 GHz range; this is an important factor in smart home, because for many (if not all) home appliances, it is expected that Start wireless function.
It integrates many MAC functions in hardware, AES128 encryption accelerator and automatic CRC processing, including automatic ACK transmission and reception, automatic return delay and idle channel evaluation, and automatic filtering of received packets. The EMBER packet tracking interface is also integrated with the MAC, fully, non-invasive capture all packets of the entry and exit device, and is specifically used with the EMBER development tool.
The two series of wireless MCUs described here are developed and positioned for implementing the ZigBee protocol, which has been deployed in smart home applications, but recently thread protocols are expected to develop devices to smart home due to their unique features. Significant and positive impact. Many SOCs that support ZigBee will also support threads, so a roadmap for developers and OEMs.
Conclusion
Smart home will adopt a variety of technologies, including smart meters, gateways, and home appliances. Although not all smart home can be connected by wireless, with wireless technology such as ZigBee and threads, a large number of smart appliances will use wireless communication as the main (such as not unique) of its connection home gateway.
The continued development of IPv6 is the foundation of this evolution. It can be said that the thread is the preferred agreement in this aspect, as it is designed to use the Internet address extension. This will cause a variety of final applications to connect home while producing a need for a series of new devices.
In just a few years, the homeowner may ask yourself, how they used to manage anywhere from the networking world, they used to manage.
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