"Relying on the Internet of Things, the smart home industry has developed rapidly. It is predicted that by 2018, there will be a market size of $ 22.8 billion, one of the most prospects of the future. In such a big background, currently Semiconductor, or a product plan designer in the middle and lower reaches, all in the intelligent home industry truly layout in advance.
If we have to go deep into the smart home industry, we have to mention a word - iot (Internet of Things), currently there are many wireless communication protocols for the Internet of Things, including WiFi, Ble, Zigbee, etc., where WiFi's work It is relatively large, suitable for transmitting a large amount of data; BLE power consumption is relatively low, but it is possible to simultaneously connect equipment; and the ZigBee consumes low and expands, and now, it is necessary to control various electrical appliances in home. Preferred, ZigBee is not allowed, but it is also difficult to compatibility with different manufacturers of standards, but it is difficult to compatibility with different manufacturers. Today, the pavilion should recommend a network protocol standard for the smart home field - THREAD, and the pavilion has also got a hardware scheme that can support the Thread network protocol - the FRDM-KW24D512 development board provided by NXP.
Thread
May the first time I saw Thread, I would have a face, this is a god horse? A big question mark in your mind "What is thread?"
In fact, Thread has been planned a few years ago, and the purpose is to define the communication protocol of smart homes and will be officially released in the near future. NXP is one of the foundings of the organization, and provides a full set of hardwareware solutions. Simply, Thread is a network protocol standard and is a network protocol based on simplified version of IPv6, aimed to achieve interconnection between various products in the family, as well as connecting to the Internet and clouds.
Similar to zigbee, Thread is also based on low-cost, low-power 802.15.4 chipset development, so many products are currently using, only a simple software upgrade, you can support Thread, very easy to install, and can be expanded To hundreds of equipment; but different from ZigBee, Thread standard unity, unlike ZigBee products, due to the different ways of implementation, causing different products that cannot be used, this can be said to be the biggest advantage of ZigBee compared to ZigBee .
FRDM-KW24D512 unpacking
OK, basically understanding the positioning of Thread, let's take a look at the entire hardware plan you get from NXP? At the current Thread software, running on the Kinetis platform, for friends who were originally familiar with Freescale MCU, should still have a familiarity that should still have immediate. (Note: NXP and FREESCALE two companies completed the merger in 2015, the name of the new company is NXP)
From the box we can also see that the development board is based on the Kinetis MCU series. This is a product classification based on the ARM Cortex-M series microcontroller. Open the box, you can see two pieces in the box. The Freedom platform development board and two miniusb lines, this seems that NXP is still very kind, after all, Thread is the network, provide two development boards, support points to open the box, easy to use, easy and intimate, After all, a piece of card is not able to implement wireless communication. Two pieces of a kit and two panels are more reasonable, but there are not a misunderstanding here, and a separate board can also be used as prototype design. We don't I have experienced from the Freedom platform.
Third, confirmed that the hardware composition of the two cards is the same.
I believe that engineers who are familiar with the Freedom platform will not be unfamiliar with this version. This platform is similar, such as the Kinetis Series MCU, with NXP sensor, equipped with OpenSDA debug interface, compatible with Arduino UNO R3 expansion interface. It is a platform for miniaturization, low power, cost-effective microcontroller assessment and development.
IoT development board related recommendation:
WIZNET W7500 Evaluation Board A single-chip solution for a variety of embedded application platforms, especially the Internet of Things, based on a Cortex-M0 core.
The STM32F469NI MCU exploration kit is a exploration development board based on Cortex-M4 kernel applications to wearable devices, smart homes, etc.
CYPRESS PSOC-4 Drive Suite A Cortex M0-based programmable film-based system, simplifies the sensor-based low-power consumable network application design.
From a quick reference paper document, the specific model of this board is FRDM-KW24D512, which is based on the Kinetis W Series MCU, which can be found from the product's classification, the Kinetis W Series MCU is integrated SUB-GHz or 2.4 The GHz RF transceiver wireless MCU product provides powerful features that create reliable, safe, low-power embedded wireless solutions.
The wireless MCU specific model equipped with the FRDM-KW24D512 board is MKW24D512VH, which belongs to the KW2XD series, based on performance powerful ARM Cortex-M4 processor, many supported protocols, except for us mentioned above In addition to the Thread protocol, ZigBee Pro 802.15.4mac and SMAC, KW2XD series have -102 dBm sensitivity, up to + 8DBM transmit power, 19.5mA receive power consumption, and 18mA transmit power consumption, as shown in the following table.
FRDM-KW24D512 hardware
As mentioned above, FRDM-KW24D512 is based on NXP MKW2412 Kinetis W-Series microcontroller development platform, in addition to its rich hardware resources, you can also support Thread, Zigbee Pro, 802.15.4 Mac, SMAC, and Kinetis by software. Software Development Kit (SDK), specific hardware resources for onboards are shown below.
FRDM-KW24D512 Development Board Features:
Support MKW24D512 Kinetis microcontroller (up to 50 MHz Cortex-M4 M4 MCU, 512 KB flash)
Fully compliant with the wireless node of IEEE 802.15.4
Software Support: Thread, Zigbee Pro, 802.15.4 Mac and SMAC and Kinetis Software Development Kit (SDK)
Reference design area with small specifications, low cost RF nodes:
The RF circuit includes a refinerator that converts the differential input / output pin of the MKW24D512 transceiver into a single-ended configuration of the onboard signal route.
Less of the number of sheet components
The programmable output power at the SMA connector is -35 dBm to +8 DBM, no trap
Receiver sensitivity: -102 dBm (typical)
Integrated PCB reverse F-type antenna and SMA radio frequency port
Optional power
32 MHz benchmark oscillator
32 kHz clock oscillator
2.4 GHz operating frequency (ISM frequency band)
Support Wireless Programming (OTAP) External Serial Flash
Multiple buttons and LEDs
OpenSDA V2.1 debug interface
6-axis combination sensor with integrated linear acceleration sensor and magnetometer
Development board hardware system block diagram:
Kinetis mkw24d512
Onboard Kinetis MKW24D512 MCU is a low-power, compact integrated device, composed of IEEE 802.15.4 high-performance 2.4 GHz wireless transceivers and a powerful ARM Cortex-M4 kernel system, with data Connection and high-precision mixed signal simulation, suitable for control and monitoring applications for home and building automation, including appliances, access control, temperature control, energy management, lighting, security, and security.
Kinetis MKW24D512 MCU Features:
ARM Cortex-M4 kernel with 16 channel DMA, maximum frequency 50MHz
512 KB flash memory and 64 KB RAM
SPI, UART * 2, I2C * 2
8-channel 16-bit SAR ADC, 6-bit DAC
Encryption Acceleration Unit (CAU), AES Encryption (FIPS 140), external tamper detection, 32-bit CRC
Highly integrated 2.4 GHz RF transceiver
802.15.4 packet processor
Support single-ended and diversity antennas
Dual PAN support
Output power can be set to +8 DBM
Sensitivity -102 dBm
TX 17mA @ 0dBM (CPU sleep)
RX 19MA (CPU sleep)
1.8 to 3.6V
Low pressure detection
Multiple low power modes
Real time clock (RTC)
Online debugging and flash programming
Up to 24 general IO
Multiple KBI
Working temperature -40 ° C to 105 ° C
How to develop
To learn more about the FRDM-KW24D512 development board, hands-on operation is the most effective way. Frankworthy, Freescale FRDM-KW24D512 supported integrated development tools, such as IAR, Keil, CodeWarrior, KDS, Mbed, etc., engineers can choose the corresponding tool according to their usage habits, for the first time to contact the development board, It is recommended to use a combination of KDS + Mbed online IDE tools. First of all, these are free tools, no limitations, no cost, but also complementary use, there will be no conflict at all. KDS is suitable for the development of a complete project, including the editing, compilation, download, debugging of code, and Mbed IDE online tools are very convenient in addition to imposing, editing, compiling, and download, can be said, there is a network where you can use it, And there is no need to install.
As for the FRDM-KW24D512 hardware debugging tool, there is no good controversy, directly using the onboard OpenSDAV2.1 debugger is the most convenient and effort. Of course, the FRDM-KW24D512 also supports the "rich" ideas, you can also use third parties to develop hardware debugging tools for ARM kernels, such as J-Link. The specific use of each IDE tool is no longer introduced, and you can refer to the parsive evaluation article.
IoT development board related recommendations:
WIZNET W7500 Evaluation Board A single-chip solution for a variety of embedded application platforms, especially the Internet of Things.
The STM32F469NI MCU exploration kit is a exploration development board based on Cortex-M4 kernel applications to wearable devices, smart homes, etc.
CYPRESS PSOC-4 Drive Suite A Cortex M0-based programmable film-based system, simplifies the sensor-based low-power consumable network application design.
Demo demonstration
Friends who are familiar with the Freedom platform know that development boards generally have a built-in Demo routine that allows you to get started.
The development board is built into a demo application based on the SMAC network protocol, providing users with some test methods, testing basic transmit-receiving functions, and a variety of advanced test functions based on ASP and SMAC APIs. Basic power-up operations have a complete tutorial guidance in NXP official website, and unclear users can go directly to understanding, here is not more than.
When the development board is connected to the computer, you can see a serial COM number on the computer's manager, which is required to use the built-in SMAC demo routine.
The baud rate is set to 115200, 8BITS, NO PARITY, 1 STOP bit, and the reset board can see the serial output.
The SMAC connection test is mainly including continuous testing, misuse rate (PER) test, RANGE test, radio register editing, carrier monitoring and transmission control, with the test rate test, need to separate two boards Powering, set to send and receive.
Receive settings
Send settings
Mistake rate test
The distance is relatively close. It can be seen from the test, so the test results have no packet loss. In addition, in the test, the author also tested the two panels as much as possible in a farther different room, although the sensitivity is lowered, but from the current environment, there is still no packet loss, can be said, the author test The office is still quite big, so for the current home environment, the communication distance of FRDM-KW24D512, communication stability should be more than enough.
IoT development board related recommendations:
WIZNET W7500 Evaluation Board A single-chip solution for a variety of embedded application platforms, especially the Internet of Things, based on a Cortex-M0 core.
The STM32F469NI MCU exploration kit is a exploration development board based on Cortex-M4 kernel applications to wearable devices, smart homes, etc.
CYPRESS PSOC-4 Drive Suite A Cortex M0-based programmable film-based system, simplifies the sensor-based low-power consumable network application design.
Thread Communication
Of course, the most important feature of the NXP FRDM-KW24D512 development board can be said to support the NXP official pre-certified THREAD network protocol stack, come together.
Since the Thread protocol stack is currently not officially released, its formal release time will be in the near future. At present, if you are interested in this protocol stack, you first need to fill in the application form on the NXP official website.
If the application will receive the official mail reply from NXP, the internal evaluation version of the internal evaluation version is attached, and you can find the corresponding Thread protocol stack installation package download under the Software folder after you click Go.
Download completion installation
After the installation is over, you can see multiple routines in the installation directory, including NXP home MQX real-time operating systems and Freertos real-time operating systems, and different MCUs in the NXP Kinetis series.
How do these routines do? Due to the particularity of the Thread Network, the functions corresponding to different nodes in the network are also different, as shown in the figure below.
So the two boards in the hands of the authorIt can be implemented is the Leader Router, Active Router, and End Device feature, and the Border Router feature requires a corresponding board support for Ethernet ports or WiFi features.
Therefore, the author selects two routines, one is thread_end_device, the other is thread_router_eligible_device, can be seen from the above picture, thread_end_device belongs to the end node device, can only join the network, and thread_router_ligible_device can create a network, and You can join the network.
THREAD_END_DEVICE routine compilation download
THREAD_ROUTER_ELIGIBLE_DEVICE routine compile download
Download these two routines from these two NXP FRDM-KW24D512, you can see the network logo outputted by the serial port after the startup is started. Here, the author specifically tries to create a network, it is not possible.
Draw the THREAD_ROUTER_ELIBLE_DEVICE routine board, the board of the Thread_Router_Device routine is added to the network, as shown in the following figure, THREAD communication OK.
Of course, due to the time relationship, this paper is just a simple experience of Thread's communication mechanism, but it is unquestionable. In the author's view, it is more willing to make Thread as the sublimation version of Zigbee, especially in the "limited" group of smart homes. In the Internet environment, Thread gives people a feeling of blue and better than blue. Thread's self-assessment, safety, low power characteristics, and standard normative normative, will be the biggest highlight of Thread.
summary
This paper introduces the hardware composition of the FRDM-KW24D512, which is introduced by NXP, and basic software development, board card based on NXP Kinetis W Series Wireless MCU MKW24D512, which is a low power, compact integrated device, internal integration A high-performance 2.4 GHz wireless transceiver that complies with IEEE 802.15.4 and a powerful ARM Cortex-M4 processor, and is equipped with data connection and high-precision hybrid signal simulation, with the NXP pre-certified THREAD network protocol stack, Ideal for the development of smart home communications products. From the NXP official website list, you can see that the new products of the Kinetis W series are about to be launched, KW21 and KW41 will also fully support Thread. Interested friends may wish to go to the NXP official website, if you are interested in the Thread Network Protocol, you can submit an application form to NXP.
IoT development board related recommendations:
WIZNET W7500 Evaluation Board A single-chip solution for a variety of embedded application platforms, especially the Internet of Things, based on a Cortex-M0 core.
The STM32F469NI MCU exploration kit is a exploration development board based on Cortex-M4 kernel applications to wearable devices, smart homes, etc.
CYPRESS PSOC-4 Drive Suite A Cortex M0-based programmable film-based system, simplifies the sensor-based low-power consumable network application design.
More FREEDOM platform development board evaluation reference:
Support-free USB design - Freescale FREEDOM FRDM-K22F Reviews
FREEDOM development platform FRDM-KE02Z - 8-bit machine terminator
FRDM-K64F - a major innovation of Freescale Freedom platform
Original declaration: This article is originally created by the panel network, declined! "
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