"It's hard to believe that a luxury car will be linked to the word" low cost ". Because before Lexus mastered hybrid technology perfectly, no luxury manufacturer could create works with strong acceleration ability and very friendly fuel consumption“ The contradiction between "time cost" and "fuel cost" was finally relieved by Lexus's advanced hybrid technology. High end buyers who are keen on power performance but have to consider public opinion finally have reason to add a fuel-efficient and energy-saving large displacement sports car to their garage.
● Part1: what is the status of Lexus hybrid technology in the Jianghu?
In 2005, Lexus released the RX 400H based on the second generation RX model, which is the first medium-sized SUV hybrid model of Japan's top luxury manufacturers. Lexus Rx 400H uses a 3.3l V6 gasoline engine to cooperate with three motors, one of which is used to start the gasoline engine and the engine, and the other two drive the front and rear axles respectively. Considering the three motor setting of Wanquan, the Lexus Rx 400H has reached the world's top level in four aspects: strong torque output, 4WD off-road capability, driving smoothness and energy recovery. The acceleration time of 100 km is 7.3 seconds, and the average fuel consumption is 7.1l/100km, which is a miracle for the automobile manufacturing industry 11 years ago.
Second generation Lexus Rx 400H
In 2006, the third generation GS series just released welcomed the powerful GS 450h model. Based on the 3.5L V6 gasoline engine, the Lexus GS 450h uses a 145kw (197ps) high-power motor to assist in driving the rear axle. The total power of the 253kw (344ps) system is fully pressed on the two rear wheels. The rear drive characteristics are brought into full play. There is no doubt that the GS 450h has become the most fun driving GS model in history. It is worth mentioning that although this work 10 years ago can accelerate to 100 km / h in 5.2 seconds, its comprehensive fuel consumption is only 7.1l/100km, which is invincible in the world.
The third generation Lexus GS 450h
In 2007, Lexus made a shocking decision to launch the world's most fuel-efficient full-size luxury car. As we all know, Lexus LS is the pinnacle of Japan's automobile manufacturing industry. At the same time, it is also facing the embarrassment of a total weight of more than 2 tons. A gasoline engine with a displacement of up to 5.0L can obtain unscientific fuel consumption of 9.3l/100km, which depends on the stable, high torque and low energy consumption output characteristics of the front axle motor, as well as the powerful torque transmission limit of ECVT electronically controlled continuously variable transmission for "gasoline engine 520nm + motor 300nm".
Third generation Lexus LS 600hl
Lexus changed the RX 450h and the new HS 250h in 2008 and 2008 respectively. In 2010, a new hatchback was born, which concentrated the essence of Lexus hybrid technology. It is now Lexus CT 200H with excellent sales in China. This work uses the 1.8L Atkinson cycle gasoline engine as the base. Ec2009 released the VT electronically controlled continuously variable transmission, which integrates a motor with an output power of up to 60kW (82ps) / 207nm. This motor knows how to intelligently select the independent drive / hybrid drive front wheel shaft. As a high-grade city model, Lexus CT 200H with an average fuel consumption of 4.4l/100km can give full play to the energy-saving effect in the urban area. Due to the reduced working conditions of gasoline engine, its urban fuel consumption is as low as 3.1l/100km. At present, there is still no mature hybrid work that can match it.
Lexus CT 200H
Since then, Lexus also released the new generation GS 450h in 2011, ES 300h in 2012, new generation GS 300h in 2013 and nx 300h in 2014. Lexus continues to introduce innovative and leading hybrid technology to the automotive market at the rhythm of one unit a year.
● practical and practical
From the launch of the hybrid prototype sport 800 GT hybrid in 1977 to now, Lexus has almost the world's first hybrid model in all levels of luxury models. Lexus takes the lead in environmental protection all the way.
Lexus now accounts for 85% of the sales volume of China's luxury hybrid market. This achievement is due to Lexus's "seeking truth from facts" car making concept and impeccable car making skills.
As we all know, "electric drive" has become the future trend of the automotive industry. As shown in the figure below, new energy vehicles can be basically divided into three categories. Among them, the situation of alternative fuels and compressed gases is very embarrassing, and the most promising electric drive is only "hybrid with internal combustion engine" with the highest feasibility and the most mature technology.
It is true that "pure electric" in the electric drive category is the future trend, but it can be seen from the five sub categories in the above box (super capacitor, grid charging, internal combustion engine power generation, fuel cell and solar charging), the only feasible thing now is grid charging.
However, pure electric vehicles have extremely limited endurance (between 200-500km), and the use range of vehicles has become very narrow, and even become a toy for the rich. Since most users have no independent garage, the charging problem of pure electric vehicles has become a big problem. The state is stepping up the construction of public charging piles. Even if it is finally completed and the network is complete, users of pure electric vehicles can only use them in the urban circle (the construction of high-voltage charging piles in villages and towns does not conform to the economic law), and endure the torture that it takes hours to charge energy at a time.
The dream is beautiful, but the reality must be faced positively. When Toyota, the parent company, began to develop new energy vehicles in the last century, it was aware of the charging dilemma that pure electric vehicles must encounter. Indeed, no company could perfectly solve the problem of electric energy reserve of pure electric vehicles by 2015. Therefore, it is the real demand of the market for Lexus to develop a product completely consistent with the use of internal combustion engine vehicles.
Lexus hybrid technology can make hybrid car products more in line with the life rhythm of luxury brand owners - you don't need to worry about whether the car is charged today and how long it will take to complete the charging. Lexus hybrid models intelligently convert excess energy into electric energy and store it in the on-board high-performance battery pack, and turn off the gasoline engine at an appropriate time to save fuel. The advantages of the working characteristics of gasoline engine and motor are gathered together, while the disadvantages are complemented by each other, and an efficient energy-saving power system is born.
Compared with other hybrid systems, Lexus hybrid technology's unique hybrid structure enables the engine and motor to not only provide power for the vehicle alone, but also cooperate efficiently to provide strong power for the vehicle together. The ultimate energy-saving advantage and convenience for drivers without charging are unmatched by weak hybrid technology. Lexus hybrid technology can support all drive systems such as front drive, rear drive and 4WD, and cover a variety of models from compact cars to medium and large SUVs, giving consumers a variety of choices and bringing consumers an excellent driving experience.
As we mentioned earlier, 85% of Chinese luxury hybrid car consumers choose Lexus, which has indestructible stability in addition to fuel-saving ability and luxury texture. By April 2015, 857000 Lexus hybrid vehicles had been put on the road in the world, which is a mature technology widely trusted by consumers. In the United States, more than 97% of Toyota hybrid models with the same technology listed in 2000 can still drive normally. In Asia, Toyota hybrid models with the same technology also set a record of driving 400000 kilometers without replacing the battery.
Lexus hybrid technology battery is permanently used with the vehicle without replacement. Its warranty period is 6 years or 150000 km. For ES 300h, nx 300h and LS 600hl newly modified at the end of 2012, Lexus specially provides worry free commitment for its power battery for 10 years or 250000 km.
After 22 years of R & D experience, Lexus has obtained more than 5000 hybrid technology patents and formulated strict production and inspection standards. Lexus hybrid models are better than the already excellent Toyota brand in durability and stability, which can not be surpassed in the industry. Certified by J.D.Power Market Research Organization in the United States, Lexus has ranked first in the quality and reliability of hybrid new vehicles for many consecutive years.
● Part2: Lexus hybrid technology in technical control eyes
First, let's look at how this hybrid system works.
During power take-off, CT 200H hybrid system mainly has four working modes. The first type: the pure motor works. At this time, the engine stops working and the vehicle power is provided by the motor. This situation usually occurs when driving at an average speed when starting and when the power is sufficient; The second type: the engine and the motor work together. While the engine outputs, the motor will use the excess power of the engine to provide power and charge the battery at the same time; The third type: the engine works alone and drives the generator to charge the battery at the same time; The fourth type: the engine and the motor work fully, at this time the motor and the engine output power at the same time, thus providing the maximum power.
There are also three main working modes for power recovery (charging). First: when the vehicle is sliding and braking, the wheel will drive the motor to work, and the generated power will be stored in the battery. The second type: the engine charges the battery while driving; The third: the engine works at idle speed to charge the battery. This situation usually occurs only when the battery power is too low to protect the battery.
● three modes of hybrid system
There are four power modes available for CT 200H: EV pure electric mode, eco energy-saving mode, normal normal mode and sport sports mode. Among them, the EV pure electric mode cannot be used by default when the power is low. In the case of large foot throttle, the EV mode will also be automatically cancelled to enable the vehicle to obtain the maximum power.
● composition of hybrid power system
The hybrid system on CT 200H is mainly composed of 1.8L self-priming engine, electronic continuously variable transmission, energy control unit and Ni MH battery pack.
As a vehicle with fuel saving as the starting point, of course, CT 200H will not use an ordinary engine. The engine on CT 200H is a 1.8L Atkinson cycle engine. What is Atkinson cycle engine? Atkinson cycle engine is actually an engine with compression ratio less than expansion ratio, which was invented by British engineer James Atkinson in 1882. Atkinson cycle engine achieves that the compression stroke is less than the expansion stroke through ingenious mechanical design.
However, this design is complex and expensive. Therefore, in 1940, Miller designed Miller cycle engine. Miller cycle actually delays closing the intake valve at the end of the suction stroke, so that part of the gas in the cylinder is discharged, and then closes the valve for compression stroke. This ingenious design realizes the Atkinson cycle. The 1.8L engine on CT 200H actually adopts Miller cycle, but because Miller cycle engine is a patent of Mazda, Lexus adopts Atkinson in order to avoid conflict.
In order to work well with the motor and engine, an efficient transmission is required. Therefore, the electronic continuously variable transmission (ECVT) is adopted on CT 200H. Although it is a continuously variable transmission, it is very different from the ordinary continuously variable transmission. By the way, the ECVT transmission on the CT 200H is the same as that on the Toyota Prius. In fact, the hybrid system used on the CT 200H is the Toyota Prius, which is called th (Toyota Hybrid syetem).
As a hybrid vehicle, the battery is an important part. The battery pack on CT 200H is composed of 28 Ni MH batteries with a capacity of 6.5ah. The battery pack is placed at the rear of the vehicle, and there is a battery monitoring system and cooling system to control the voltage, current and temperature at a reasonable level.
The energy control unit (PCU) is placed in the front of the vehicle to detect the driver's intention and driving conditions, judge the power output distribution of the engine and motor, and achieve the best power output mode.
● Part3: CT 200H in the owner's eyes
Xiao q is a post-80s generation who works in the IT industry. The original intention of choosing a car is to add a walking tool to his newly formed small family. After seeing the mainstream intermediate cars, he always feels that they are too old-fashioned and do not accord with the temperament of his young people. He learned about Lexus CT 200H by chance, and is quite interested in its low fuel consumption of hybrid system, In addition, the six-year 150000 km free maintenance provided by Lexus makes xiaoq feel that it is better to buy such a personalized and low-cost car than to buy a mediocre intermediate car.
● appearance: the vigorous and dynamic design has a strong sense of science and technology
● interior: simple style and exquisite workmanship
● power: the fuel consumption of the hybrid system is satisfactory and the power response is rapid
Car owner Xiao Q's experience: after starting to drive CT for 200H, my daily commute to and from work has become much more comfortable. When I follow the car at low speed in the traffic flow, only the motor is driven, the engine does not work, without the shaking of the engine, the car is quiet and comfortable, and I don't feel so upset in the traffic jam. The second surprise is the fuel consumption. There are many traffic jams on the way to and from work, but the fuel consumption remains between 5-6l / 100km, which is comparable to a 1.0 displacement mini car. Finally, what makes me feel very considerate is the six-year 150000 km free maintenance provided by Lexus. At present, the car has driven 20000 km without spending money for several maintenance. Without this maintenance expenditure, the cost of the car has been reduced a lot.
I always thought that free maintenance only included changing the oil and filter. Later I took the car for maintenance and found out that the three filters, working fluid and spark plugs were all within the scope of free replacement. Moreover, even some vulnerable parts, such as brake pads, brake discs and wiper blades, could be replaced free of charge, which really surprised me. In addition, the 4S store also provides 24-hour road rescue services and a unified 400 telephone number across the country, which makes me feel more at ease when driving to other places.
● Part4: evaluation CT 200H
Speaking of new energy vehicles, we will naturally think of the BMW I3 full of science fiction from the outside to the inside. What is the difference between Lexus CT 200H with one of the most mature hybrid technologies and BMW I3 in driving and riding experience?
I3: I come from the future. You must be careful
Driving a BMW I3 here
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