Intelligent energy means electrical generation, distribution, and consumption intelligence levels. To a certain extent, this has been imposed on the government to public business companies, but it is more profound than simple legislation. A broader social conscience means it now affects all the forms and the power processing of each level.
More and more embedded instruments, electrical, mechanical and even "intelligence" in buildings aim to help control energy. Continuously expand global population and limited fossil fuels, coupled with the negative impact of these resources on the environment, is leading to changes in world energy patterns.
Renewable energy is becoming more and more important. International Energy Agency has recently announced data, indicating how energy production and consumption is how to further achieve the goal of "Paris Agreement". Electric cars, solar photovoltaic and land-top wind farms are meeting current expectations, while other initiatives include carbon capture and storage, and improve coal-fired power generation efficiency. Other forms of renewable energy (such as nuclear power and energy storage) indicators need to make more efforts, such as transportation, industrial and consumer applications such as household appliances and lighting, need more efforts.
An important factor in low energy efficiency is that the conversion phase naturally produces losses, but the technology and technology being developed can help minimize them. The industry continues to transition to digital fields, which provides better control, flexibility and efficiency compared to pure simulation methods. Due to this transformation, more and more solutions combine a series of functions specifically for power conversion.
Monitoring energy usage
Smart meter is currently being launched in many countries so that consumers can better control their energy usage and help utility companies monitor demand to ensure that they only produce enough energy to meet this need. The more understanding the habits of consumers, the more easily adopt energy production and distribution methods responsible for the environment. Although the term "smart meter" covers this application field, their features may vary widely. Some people may just pass the data back to the utility provider, while others may make the homeowners fully understand their energy usage.
The S6E2DX Series microcontroller of Cypress Semiconductors faces an OEM that develops to develop a system that can interface with smart meter and provide extensive information. It can constitute the core of the home energy management system (HEMS), as shown in Figures 1 and 2. It integrates ARM Cortex-M4F kernel and graphic subsystems, as well as many other peripherals to support wired and wireless interfaces.
In the same series, the FM0 + S6E1A1 series performs energy management optimization for different forms of motor control. Digital control of brushless DC motor (BLDC) and permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is the key to optimization. Both types of motors exist in increasing industrial machines and consumer electrical appliances, and have always been working hard to improve the theme of energy efficiency. Magnetic Field Orientation Control (FOC) is a technique that makes PMSM and BLDC and more efficient techniques, but it does require relatively high processing capabilities. The FM0 + S6E1A series is very suitable for FOC of BLDC and PMSM motors, which is fully supported by the manufacturer's design guidelines.
Power conversion
Although some electrical appliances are powered, more electrical appliances require antihypertensive and regulated DC power supply, which makes the switch mode power supply (SMPS) very widely. The transition to digital control makes the original device manufacturer can produce smaller, more efficient SMPs, and continue to further improve the efficiency of this key area.
The DSPIC33F Series Digital Signal Controller (DSC) is suitable for intelligent power conversion from Microchip, providing dynamic control and loop adjustment, predictive control loop algorithm, and flexibility for different power levels. This level of digital control is intended to eliminate the need for standard simulation control loops while providing better control. Adjusts software control running on the DSC, supports digital compensation algorithms for nonlinear prediction and adaptive control. Briefly, the power supply can better handle changes in input power and load to operate in optimum efficiency under various conditions. In this case, the algorithm running on the DSC uses feedback from high speed and high bandwidth ADC and high speed PWM.
As shown in FIG. 4, the DSPIC33F can also achieve power factor correction by the Boost-PFC algorithm, using average current mode control. The reference current is exported in a digital manner by calculating the product of the rectifier input voltage, the output voltage error compensator and the voltage feedforward output. Even when running this application, DSPIC33F also provides sufficient processing space for other application software.
Completely integrated solution
Conversion, distribution, and applications have many aspects of the general department, but each aspect has its own specific variants. It is expected that a single device can be applied to all of these areas may be unreasonable, but some solutions can be close.
One such example is PAC5223 from the activity, this is a wider range of families of the power application controller (PAC) equipment that has been a new wave optimization of intelligent energy appliances (Fig. 5). It is based on the ARM Cortex-M0 kernel, which uses Active Semi proprietary technology, including multi-mode power management, dedicated power drivers, and configurable front-end.
Multi-mode power manager is described as a "integrated" solution with multiple types of power supplies, with multi-mode switching power controllers, can be used for buck, SEPIC, or AD / DC flyback mode, and handling up to four linear regulations power supply. The dedicated power driver includes a high side and a low side gate driver capable of achieving a half bridge, an H bridge, 3 phase, and general control. Configurable front-end includes all analog functions required for power applications, including programmable differentials and single-ended gain amplifiers, digital-to-analog converters, and comparators. It can also accept multiple analog input signals, and even provide enlargement for sensor inputs.
The PAC series solution is widely used, including universal high pressure system controllers, household appliances, power tools, motor controllers, LED lighting controllers and uninterruptible power supplies. It can also be used for solar miniature inverters and a wide range of industrial applications. Figure 6 shows a typical application.
The HYDRA-X23 / X23S development platform also supports PAC5223, which is designed to support engineers for the development of power applications. Like their name, the development kit receives a different "head" to extend its function, while the main suite (or "body") provides a distributor to facilitate access to all PAC5223 peripherals.
in conclusion
Get "intelligence" about the power supply involves migrating to digital control whenever possible. This new power paradigm is very important, the government is developing legislation to ensure that the climate accepts irreparable damage.
By adopting digital controls in all applicable cases, the electronic engineering industry can play an important role in this migration. The semiconductor industry is working hard to achieve this through highly integrated devices and fully fully fully integrated development kits.
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