The grid is to deliver power from the power plant to the home. The current grid interacts with limited one-way. That is, power flows from the power plant to the consumer. In contrast, the smart grid introduces two-way interactive mechanisms: electricity and information can interact between power companies and consumers. This network, automation, computer, and control applications grow network, which helps to make grids more efficient, more reliable, safer, more "green".
The official definition of "grid" refers to the power network or power network. It is the largest and most complex device currently built by human beings. It is also one of the most easy to use, you only need to simply insert the power cord in the outlet, or turn The switch can be. In other words, the grid is a facility that delivers power from the power plant to the home. In 1882, the inventor Thomas Edison set up the world's first grid in the Pearl Street Station in New York City. Now, the grid passes through various forms of power plants (such as nuclear power, hydropower, wind power, solar energy, coal and natural gas), transformers, substations, and more than 200,000 miles of high voltage transmission lines (this is almost the distance between the earth), and 550 The local distribution line of the miles will pass the electric power to thousands of households.
Figure 1: Power Grid. (Source: eia.gov) Electricity Generation, Transmission and Distribution: Electricity Production, Transportation and Distribution
The current grid interacts with limited one-way. That is, power flows from the power plant to the consumer. In contrast, the smart grid introduces two-way interactive mechanisms: electricity and information can interact between power companies and consumers. This network, automation, computer, and control applications grow network, which helps to make grids more efficient, more reliable, safer, more "green". Smart grid also allows renewable energy technology, such as wind energy and solar energy and plug-in electric vehicles to access national grids.
Figure 2: Intelligent grid description. (Source: smartgrids.eu)
Nuclear Power Plant: Nuclear Power Station
Factories: Factory
Thermal Power Plant: Thermal Power Station
Electric Vehicle: Electric Car
City & Buildings: City and Architecture
Wind Power Plant: Wind Power Station
Smart Houses: Smart Home
Solar Power Plant: Solar Power Station
Smart Grid: Smart Grid
Smart grids can also help power generation and power distribution companies remote prediction and response, so it can help local maintenance staff faster faster.
Talk about power outages
San Francisco power outages in the near, 90,000 people have affected 90,000 people, including at the peak time closing the Bart (Bay District Rapid Bus) Station in San Francisco City. You may ask: "What is the reason for the power failure?" Is a terrorist attack? Not. Is it a hacker? Not. It is caused by the failure of the substation circuit breaker, and the fault ignifies insulation and triggered a fire. Another accident occurred in 2003, known as the accident of large power outages in the Northeast of the United States, although not the recent thing, also affected 55 million people. The reason is actually un pruning branches.
These two events clearly indicate that the US grid competition is so fragile, thus further proves that the smart grid is really required.
In addition to preventing power failure, or at least faster, the smart grid has also brought benefits for consumers. One of the "intelligent" energy technology - smart meter.
Smart meter
Smart meter is an updated metering technology for natural gas and power, which can send actual energy usage to an energy provider in digital. This means that the family will no longer depend on the estimated energy expenditure, nor does it have to allow meter reading people to enter the home or courtyard to manually read the meter. Smart meter also provides customers with near-real-time energy consumption data, enabling them to understand, analyze and better manage energy consumption, including reducing energy waste, thereby reducing power plant emissions.
Figure 3. Example of intelligent electrical representation.
In addition, smart meter data can help utility companies better understand the amount of electricity for each family. "The generator set faces constant challenges that match the power generated by any given time and consumer demand. Excessive power generation will waste, and it is expensive, and the power generation may need to limit electricity. Therefore, hours or even days Before, accurately predict electricity demand, it is critical to the reliability and continuous operation of the grid. "
Moreover, like any new technology, not everyone has a full understanding. In fact, there is still some misunderstandings. The following is some common flaws about smart meters:
Foult 1: Smart meter threatens health because it communicates with wireless signals.
The truth: "The smart meter is fired in the limit of the RF (Federal Communications Commission), and is lower than the radiation levels generated by other common household equipment (such as mobile phone, infant monitors, satellite TV and microwave). In fact, The total radiation generated by smart meters in 375 is equivalent to the amount of radiation generated by 15 minutes of mobile phones every day. "
Foulogging 2: Smart meter cannot protect my data security.
The truth: "As the bank, credit card and wired industry provide security access to your information online. The utility industry is ready to adopt advanced security and encryption technology to protect your data. Your data is now protected. Common business is constantly striving to protect It is safe. This will not change with the use of smart meters. "
Foult 3: Smart meter does not bring any benefits to consumers.
Truth: "As part of the smart grid, smart meter can improve power-off detection and notice. Even before you have to call your power supply, smart meter can lead to the power-on position in electronically, so that Fast recovery. In addition, it will be much more convenient for sending state notifications. "
Environment
From the perspective of the environment, while using intermittent renewable energy advantages such as solar power plants, wind farms and hydropower stations, it can also alleviate electricity demand, this fact proves that smart grid can contribute to environmental protection. In particular, "Gao IQ" smart grid system will strategically manage these diversified and geographically dispersed renewable energy resources to ensure large-scale, widely safely store these energy, and different from demand delivery Place.
The development of smart grid technology is not a smooth sailing: 2012, the United States's utility companies gathered together to discuss a warning for serious new threats to US grid operators. You may ask this "serious threat"? Roof solar panel!
These executives see the slide of retail sales, the signs of customers, and if the demand for residential solar energy continues to rise, traditional power supply methods may be eliminated. Net Metering is a billing mechanism that charges the amount of power sent from the solar system owner to the grid. Unfortunately, some utility companies believe that net meter is a method of reducing its income.
Figure 4: Net meter illustration. (Source: Washington Post)
NET metering: Home, Sweet Power Plant: Net Tags: Family, Power Plant
A house with solar panels can produce more power than it needs during daylight hours. In most states, the surplus can be pushed through a meter and out on to an electric utility's grid. The homeowner can be credited-or even paid-for generating electricity : The house with solar panels will send more power than it needs during the day. In most states, excessive electricity can be sent to the power grid from the electric company. The homeowner can deduct the power supplied power grid from the network, even from the power company.
Solar Panels: Solar Panel
Inverter Converts Solar DC CURRENT INTO AC CURRENT: Inverter converts photovoltaic streaming into AC power
Net Meter MeasureS Power Going to and from the Property: Net metering metering into the home and feeds from home into the power grid
Transformer: Transformer
House Wiring: Home
Grid: grid
Excess Power Feeds Onto Grid: Excessive Power Network
It is possible to predict that "Common Business Company is being for residential solar industry, allowing solar customers to sell excessive electricity products to the grid to profit. Industrial organizations, existing laws to solar users It is an unfair advantage; and the industry organization's opponent alleges that its true purpose is to destroy competition business. "
Figure 5: Participated in the states of the family solar battle. (Source: Washington Post)
States That Have Had Fights or Are Fighting Over Home Solar: Industry has already passed the state of the states that have warned the roof polar
In fact, officials such as Florida have announced the "net" family to illegal, because they violate the International Property Maintenance Terms ", which requires housing to receive the grid and tap water network.
Future
Intelligent grids, with all its intelligence technology, tools and equipment, will have a positive impact on national grids in efficiency, emission reduction, and improve their robustness and security. Of course, this is a new technology, any new technique, especially subversive technology, has difficulties in overcoming. However, I do recognize that we all want to have a reliable, safe and cost-effective grid, and our expectations can provide such functions.
In addition, I firmly believe that it will be an organic overall on the development and deployment of the smart grid. Over time, it will continue to improve and develop, will experience the efforts of several generations - as we have been doing, we have been doing since 1882.
Original link: https://www.eeboard.com/news/smart-5/5/5
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