"LED headlamps
Refers to the automobile headlamp with white LED. Toyota is equipped with white light emitting diode (LED) headlights for the first time in the world on the most advanced hybrid vehicle "Lexus ls600h" released on May 17, 2007. The service life is up to 10000 hours, and the lighting time is no more than 0.1 seconds. The power consumption is lower than the popular products of HID lamps, which is equivalent to the high-end products of HID lamps. If further improvement is made in the future, the power consumption is expected to be lower.
Improve brightness and reduce power consumption
White LED technology has made remarkable progress. At present, more than fluorescent lamps and HID lamps with luminous efficiency of 100lm / w have been launched. Products with a luminous flux of more than 100lm of a single white LED are also emerging, and their application in the field of lighting is accelerating. The Lexus ls600h car headlamp adopts five white LEDs with luminous flux of 400lm to achieve the necessary brightness of the auxiliary lamp (lowbeam). The products are developed by small silk production.
The auxiliary light uses 5 white LEDs
Developed by Xiaosi production, the headlamp equipped on Toyota's "Lexus ls600h" uses five white LED lamps for auxiliary lamps. Each white LED lamp uses a white LED module.
In the process of development, problems such as ensuring brightness, reducing power consumption and taking heating countermeasures are encountered. The brightness shall be at least 20mcd / m2 the same as that of halogen lamp. The white LED has only a few MCD / m2. Therefore, four large-size blue LED chips about 1mm square are equipped in the package. Each chip can input 2.5W (input current is 700mA), and the total power of the whole LED headlamp ledheadlamp package is 10W. Thus, a brightness of 25 MCD / m2 is obtained.
However, providing large power to each chip will reduce the luminous efficiency. Compared with HID lamp, the actual luminous efficiency of Lexus ls600h headlamp is only 40lm / W, which means high power consumption. Therefore, the effective utilization of light in the production of small silk has been improved. The specific method is to give different light distribution characteristics to a plurality of white LED lamps to make a light distribution pattern. Compared with making complex light distribution patterns on a lamp, the light loss is reduced.
The small wire manufacturing Institute also improves the white LED lamp structure when the high beam is illuminated. The high beam lamp needs to illuminate the light distribution pattern below the horizontal line. The original method was to block light to form a pattern. This time, a mirror called "beam shaper" was used to change the direction of the light above the horizontal line. Through the above measures, more than half of the total luminous flux emitted by the white LED can be provided to the headlamp. Compared with HID lamp and halogen lamp, which can only extract about 1 / 3 of the total luminous flux, the efficiency is greatly improved. It achieves the same power consumption as "Lexus ls460" when using high-end HID lamp as headlamp<
There is a heating problem
In order to ensure the service life, the small wire manufacturing Institute has also carefully studied the heating countermeasures. The LED headlamp module must be installed in the same space as the HID lamp used by ls460, so it is necessary to take heating Countermeasures within the limited shape. Therefore, firstly, the LED chip is improved so that it can be used even when the bonding temperature is as high as 150 ℃.
Secondly, the material encapsulated above the chip uses glass, which inhibits the deterioration caused by heating when the LED is lit. This glass material is more difficult to deteriorate than the epoxy resin and silicone resin commonly used for packaging materials. Even when the bonding temperature is 115 ℃, the brightness will not be reduced after continuous lighting for 8000 hours. The products of other companies will deteriorate by more than 10% after being lit for 5000 hours.
In addition, in order to radiate the heat emitted by the white LED, a heat sink and a heat pipe are arranged on the shell of the lamp. In the test products of LED headlamp, many use heat sink and cooling fan to dissipate heat. However, setting the cooling fan will increase the volume of the headlamp module. To this end, a cooling pipe with purified water inside is adopted this time, so that it can dissipate heat without using a cooling fan.
LED projector
Projector with R (red), G (green), B (blue) led or white LED as light source. By using led to replace the original light source - high pressure mercury lamp (UHP) will bring many advantages. For example, under normal circumstances, UHP lamps need to be replaced after about 10000 hours of use, while the service life of LEDs is more than twice as long. In addition, it also has the advantages of instant lighting to achieve the highest brightness without using mercury.
The biggest feature of the front projection projector with LED light source is that the projector is small in size and can be driven by battery. There are even Postcard sized products. Without high voltage driving, the power supply circuit and heat dissipation structure are simple, and the color wheel used to separate the white light of the light source into RGB three colors is omitted. At present, all companies are actively developing, such as products using single board transmission liquid crystal panels and products using reflective display elements such as DMD.
Led projectors come in a variety of forms, from portable ultra-small products to products that can be embedded in portable products such as laptops, digital cameras and mobile phones. The external projector, which can be driven by battery and the size is only the size of a clothes pocket, has the entertainment purpose of connecting with a portable media player, projecting images on a large screen to facilitate viewing by multiple people, and accessing a laptop to introduce the business purpose of the plan. This small projector is called "micro projector".
Main characteristics of LED light source
The projector realized by changing the light source from UHP lamp to LED has five characteristics.
In order to popularize micro projectors smoothly in the future, several problems still need to be solved. In the three technical topics of miniaturization, low power consumption and cost reduction, the trump card of miniaturization is laser light source. Compared with the current mainstream led, the light emitted by the laser is not easy to diffuse, which is convenient to further reduce the size of the optical system.
Fluorescent LED
Linear LED lighting fixtures designed to replace fluorescent lamps. Many new enterprises involved in the LED lighting market have listed fluorescent products. Fluorescent LED lighting fixtures can be divided into three types according to their installation methods: (1) remove the original ballast and inverter and replace it with a special converter（ 2) Remove the original ballast and inverter and connect directly（ 3) There is no need to remove the original ballast and inverter, and the style can be directly installed and used.
(1) And (2) professional qualified personnel are required for electrical construction（ 2) The inverter is built in the back of the light-emitting part in the straight tube（ 3) Although it can be easily installed without construction, the comprehensive efficiency is poor because the ballast and inverter will cause power loss.
In terms of energy saving, the comprehensive efficiency of fluorescent LED is not as high as that of HF fluorescent lamp. The Department of energy (DOE) evaluated the performance of LED lighting products according to caliper (commercial viable LED product evaluation and reporting), and concluded that "the performance is not enough to replace fluorescent lamps". The Japan light bulb industry association also announced the evaluation results of products listed in Japan in July 2009. It means that in terms of energy-saving performance, fluorescent LED can not be regarded as a light source that can replace fluorescent lamp. In terms of safety, the weight of fluorescent led exceeds the allowable range of JIS, so there is a worry of falling off when subjected to impact and vibration. However, even if the fluorescent LED can not replace the fluorescent lamp in terms of efficiency and quality, there is a demand for convenience. Therefore, some people believe that the product can occupy a place in the market.
Comparison between straight tube LED lighting fixtures instead of fluorescent lamps and fluorescent lamps
The survey results of Japan bulb industry association show that there are LEDs close to HF fluorescent lamps in terms of comprehensive efficiency, but there are also led products with very low comprehensive efficiency. On the whole, the weight is heavier than that of fluorescent lamps, and there are products exceeding 500g specified in JIS.
LED bulb
Incandescent lighting fixture using LED as light source. Like incandescent lamp and bulb fluorescent lamp, it can be installed on AC powered lamp ports such as E26 and E17.
In the first half of 2009, many manufacturers released bulb LED lighting products, and the price competition of LED bulbs began to intensify. Sharp ignited the fuse of competition. The new products released by the company in June 2009 set the manufacturer's selling price at about half of the original price: About 3900 yen for products equivalent to 40W incandescent lamps and about 4000 yen for products equivalent to 60W incandescent lamps“ The life of incandescent lamp is 1000 hours per 100 yen, so the LED bulb with a life of 40000 hours is set to 4000 yen "(sharp). In order to make the price per unit time of LED bulb the same as that of incandescent lamp, sharp has reduced the cost of LED, power supply components and materials.
In September 2009, Panasonic released LED bulbs. As for why Panasonic, Japan's largest manufacturer in the lighting field, lagged behind others, the company explained that "it took time to verify its performance in order to make it durable for a long time". Panasonic forecasts that the size of the domestic LED bulb Market in Japan will reach 30million in 2012, when the company's sales will target 15million of 50% of the market share.
LED bulb prices are falling rapidly
Toshiba lighting technology product price trend. The actual selling price of spotlight products equivalent to 60W incandescent lamps is about 9000 yen. In March 2009, a bulb type product with an actual price of about 8000 yen was launched, but four months later, in order to follow the price of sharp products, another product with an actual price of less than 4000 yen was launched.
Although lighting manufacturers are in a difficult situation in the cost of LED bulbs, they still continue to expand price competition in order to seize the first opportunity in this market. Because it is difficult to have too much demand for replacement after the popularity of LED lighting products characterized by long life.
LED lighting
It mainly refers to the lighting with white LED. In the past, led was mainly used for decorative lighting. Recently, as a means to reduce the power consumption of lighting fixtures, it has attracted people's attention and began to be used for indoor general lighting.
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, a new generation of lighting such as LED and organic EL began to attract attention. The world began to stop manufacturing and selling incandescent lamps with short service life and high power consumption and change to more efficient lighting. At the request of Japan's Ministry of economy and industry, Toshiba lighting technology stopped manufacturing incandescent lamps in principle in March 2010. Although the mass production of organic EL lighting is expected to wait until after 2012 because of its low luminous efficiency, LED lighting quickly stands out and has a great momentum, surpassing the fluorescent lamp known as the best substitute for incandescent lamp.
What promotes the popularization of LED lighting is the technological progress of white LED. At present, the luminous efficiency of a white LED package has achieved 100lm / W. The comprehensive efficiency of the lighting fixture is also increased to about 70 ~ 80lm / W. Moreover, "150lm / W products are within range" (LED packaging manufacturer). It is expected that this goal will be achieved around 2012, and the luminous efficiency will exceed that of fluorescent lamps.
Lighting applications will exceed 20% in the global market
According to the survey of Nomura comprehensive research institute, the global white LED lighting market in 2012 will be nearly three times that in 2009. By 2012, the proportion of LED for lighting in the overall white LED market will exceed 20%, and the lighting use will have a greater and greater impact on the LED market. The picture is made according to the data of Nikkei market access.
The price problem that hinders popularization will also be because "the price of packaged LED will decline by 1 ~ 20% per year" (LED packaging manufacturers), which will not be a big obstacle in a few years. In 2010, its price is expected to fall to 1 yen / LM, which is regarded as the critical point of popularity. Considering that the service life of LED lighting is close to 4 times that of fluorescent lamp, LED lighting can replace fluorescent lamp lighting in terms of comprehensive cost advantage., Technology Zone
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