Single chip radar system (SYSTEM-ON-CHIP, SOC) is being becoming one of the most popular new sensors. It has greatly increased sales in the automotive adoption, which promoted the decline in prices. These precision IC devices are critical to automakers, and other applications are also very attractive.
According to Mams consultation, System-On-Chip, SOC is becoming one of the most popular new sensors. It has greatly increased sales in the automotive adoption, which promoted the decline in prices. These precision IC devices are critical to automakers, and other applications are also very attractive. Although IC devices will continue to dominate in automotive applications, designers are also exploring a series of new uses that can improve security and convenience.
Radar IC
Who can think of a single-chip radar? Although multiple manufacturers have now designed manufacturing a variety of forms of single-chip radar. Most countries have developed chips from 24GHz, 76-81GHz, 94GHz band. Although continuous-Wave, CW and pulse type are available, most countries around the world use a 77MHz FM continuum (FMCW) scheme. Some of these devices are made of silicon (hereinafter referred to as SiGe), but the latest version consists of complementary metal oxidation semiconductor (hereinafter referred to as CMOS) or bipolar complementary metal oxidation semiconductor (hereinafter referred to as BicMOS). A full module applied to cars or other industries is provided by some companies. The unique features of single-chip radar make it an attractive alternative to other sensors in some new applications.
As a radar system on a chip, most engineers tend to classify the devices according to their original use. However, it is preferred to treat single-chip radar as another type of sensor. Therefore, when looking for a device that is accessible to detecting objects, motion sensing, or physical measurement, millimeter waves unexpectedly elected.
Radar is mainly used to measure distance, direction (angle), and speed. For example, the police use radar speed, baseball sports field with speed gun (radar gun) to test baseball speed. The transmitter (TX) in the chip transmits a signal, then the signal reflects back from the remote object and returns to the receiver located at the transmitting end. The transmitter signal is increased in a short period of time, referred to as linear frequency modulation (see Figure 1). Linear FM is repeated in the desired mode.
Figure 2 shows the radar transceiver. The frequency of the return signal generates different intermediate frequency (IF) in the hybrid of the receiver (RX) and the transmit frequency. The intermediate frequency is digitized and used to determine movement and speed. The signal processing circuit on the chip measures the transmission time and the distance is calculated according to the known radio wave speed. Due to the height directionality of the antenna, the position (azimuth) can be detected. FM radar can also measure motion and speed. The on-chip processor is responsible for calculating to provide accurate measurement data, flexible and programmable sensors for a variety of unique applications.
Radar sensor application
To date, the largest application area of single-chip radar is car safety. The radar is the core of the Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) in most automobiles. Adaptive cruise control, automatic brake, trunk object detection, blind spot detection, variability, to the car warning system has used radar technology. The goal is to reduce the driver's mistake, thereby reducing the number of car accidents and the number of casualties. So far, the above goals are being implemented. In fact, these new subsystems are very effective, so the government is enforcing all automobile installation advanced driving assistance systems.
Moreover, radar is critical to the success of unmanned cars. They assist the camera, laser radar (LIDAR) and ultrasonic sensor in advanced driving assistance systems to detect the surrounding objects and generate synthetic views around the vehicle. Radars is particularly useful under harsh weather conditions, even in fog, snow, rain, and dark environments can also affect camera and laser radar sensors. The processor receives the sensor input and then performs the artificial intelligence algorithm to make all driving decisions.
What can the millimeter wave sensor do? One of the examples is the liquid level sensor in the fuel tank. Many industrial, process control, and public service applications require a form of liquid level measurement.
Another more interesting use is lighting control. The radar sensor detects people or moves, turning on the light when someone or object is empty, and the light is closed. The use of air conditioning systems (HVACs) can also benefit from this method. There is no doubt that the human body can be perceived by this method, which can save a lot of energy in buildings, parking lots, and selected streets.
Radars can also enter the robots and drones. Some manufacturing robots need to determine scope, speed and movement to achieve intelligent timing and robotic arm positioning in industrial automation plants and other applications. Military reconnaissance and weapons robots will be able to convert from imagination into reality. In addition, radar can make drones more secure and prevent impact from measuring distance and height.
The security system can also benefit from it because radars can detect distant movements and provide object detection functions in bad weather. Under the same weather conditions, camera or infrared sensors may be affected. It is responsible that radars will eventually be applied to motorcycles and bicycle. The application of automatic door or garage door is also very likely. Once beyond the intended imagination of radar purposes, as well as technical and price barriers, you will find that they use very well.
Smart millimeter wavelet creates a safer, efficient city
One of the excellent applications of the millimeter wavelet sensor is traffic monitoring and control. Many mid-city and big cities will encounter traffic jams, not only waste time and fuel, but also increase environmental pollution. The solution to this problem is to better time and sequential control on traffic lights on the crossroads and major highways. This requires fine-grained induction to the vehicle to determine its position, speed, steering intention, and direction. With this information, the time of the traffic lights can be adjusted, making the traffic move faster, more efficient.
The inherent characteristics of the millimeter wave radar sensor make it an ideal detector for the transportation system. With FM continuous wave radar, it is easy to determine the mileage, speed, and angle (direction) of the vehicle. Placing radar sensors in high-end rods, markers, or other structures can identify single vehicle body and their motion. The narrow field of view provided by the phased array antennas allows traffic systems to monitor single-lane
The radar field of radar installed above the heroic opening line is very narrow, enough to calculate the number of cars on each lane and determine its speed.
Other benefits of the sensor include short distance detection or short distance detection of less than 250 meters or less than 5 cm or even shorter. As mentioned above, different from the camera sensor, the radar sensor is almost suitable for all environmental conditions. With proper computing power, they can count the car and determine their mileage, up to 300 km / h (187.5 mi / hour). The deployment of the radar sensor also does not require excavation of the ground, just like it is embedded in the crossroads.
As the city becomes more intelligent, traffic engineers are also improving the efficiency of intelligent transportation systems to alleviate increasing traffic issues. Engineers can build a new generation of intelligent traffic monitoring systems with a mm Prada sensor. The radar sensor of the crossroads can help manage traffic lights, used to stop, left, pedestrians, and accelerate the efficiency of traffic lights to reduce backups.
What millimeter wave radar sensors in the market?
Texas Instruments offers a full range of millimeter-wave radar sensors that can build the foundation of intelligent traffic management systems. The available IC devices include AWR1243, AWR 1443, and AWR1642. These CMOS devices operating within 76-81 GHz are used in FM continuous waves.
A large key feature of these devices is measurement accuracy. For example, a highly linear closed-loop lock ring (PHASE-LOCKED LOOP, PLL) generates a linear frequency frequency of frequency to ensure higher precision and resolution within the measurement range. Another benefit is that the CMOS device is smaller than SiGE.
These devices have two to three transmitters and four receivers. The radio frequency (RF) bandwidth is 4 GHz, the received sample rate is 12.5 or 37.5 msamples / s. AWR1443 and AWR1642 include a 200MHz ARM Cortex-R4F processor. The AWR1443 includes a radar hardware Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) accelerator in Fast Fourier Transform. The AWR1642 C674X 600-MHz DSP in Tercrapership (TI) can handle FFT and other advanced algorithms. Typical interfaces include SPI, CAN, CAN-FD, UART, I2C, and MIPI CS12, depending on the model.
To help develop, Texas instruments provide assessment modules, reference design and software development kits. The company's launch MMWAVE Studio is a offline tool for analysis and algorithm development.
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