In order to fully grasp the 5G technical lifeblood, ensure that the Times, the Monitoring Center actively invests into 5G key technology tracking and research work, for 5G frequency planning, monitoring, and key technical assessment test verification, technical reserves in advance. Some of the key technologies are summarized and interpreted below.
Key Technologies 1: High-frequency segment transmission
The traditional operating frequency band of mobile communication is mainly concentrated below 3 GHz, which makes the spectrum resources are crowded, while in high-frequency sections (such as millimeter wave, cm wave band) can be rich in spectrum resources, can effectively relieve the status quo of spectrum resource tight, which can achieve high speed short Distance communication, support for 5G capacity and transmission rates.
The application of high-frequency sections in mobile communications is the future development trend, and the industry is attracting attention. The sufficient amount of available bandwidth, miniaturized antenna and device, the higher antenna gain is the main advantage of high frequency section millimeter wave mobile communication, but there is also a short transmission distance, poor penetration, and diffraction ability, which is easy to affected by climate environment. Disadvantages. Radio-frequency devices, system design, etc. also have to be further studied and resolved.
The monitoring center is currently actively conducting high-frequency segment demand research and selection of potential candidate bands. Although the high-band resources are currently more abundant, there is still a need for scientific planning, coordinating, so that valuable spectrum resources are optimally configured.
Key Technologies 2: New Multi-Animal Transmission
Multi-antenna technology experiences from passive to active, from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D), from high-order MIMO to large-scale arrays, will be expected to achieve spectrum efficiency to increase dozens of times even higher, is currently One of the important research directions of 5G technology.
Since an active antenna array is introduced, the number of collaborative antennas supported by the base station side will reach 128. In addition, the original 2D antenna array expands to become an array of 3D antenna, forming novel 3D-MIMO technology, supporting multi-user beam intelligent assault, reducing user interference, combining high-frequency section millimeter wave technology, will further improve wireless signal coverage performance.
At present, researchers are studying for large-scale antenna channel measurement and modeling, array design and calibration, pilot channel, codebook and feedback mechanisms, and will support more user space multiple access (SDMA), significantly reduced Transmit power, realizing green energy saving, enhances coverage.
Key Technologies 3: At the same time
In recent years, the same frequency full-duplex technology attracts the industry's attention. With this technique, in the same spectrum, the transmission and reception of communication simultaneously transmits and receives signals, which in theoretically increases the vacant spectrum efficiency by double compared to conventional TDD and FDD duplex mode.
The full-duplex technology can break through the spectral resource usage restrictions in the FDD and TDD methods, so that the use of spectrum resources is more flexible. However, full-duplex technology requires extremely high interference elimination capabilities, which makes great challenges on interference cancellation techniques, and also there is similar interference problem of neighboring cells. Under multi-antenna and networking scenes, the application difficulty of full-duplex technology is more difficult.
Key Technologies 4: D2D
The traditional honeycomb communication system has a network coverage in the base station, and the base station and relay station cannot move, and its network structure has a certain limit on flexibility. As wireless multimedia business is increasing, traditional base station-centric business providing methods can no longer meet the business needs of mass users in different environments.
D2D technology does not need to achieve direct communication between communication terminals, expand network connections and access methods. Due to the short distance direct communication, the channel quality is high, the D2D can achieve higher data rate, low delay and lower power consumption; through a widely distributed terminal, it is possible to improve coverage, efficient use of spectrum resources; support Flexible network architecture and connection methods, lift link flexibility and network reliability.
At present, D2D uses broadcast, multicast and unicast technology solutions, which will develop its enhancement techniques, including D2D-based relay technology, multi-antenna technology and combined coding technologies.
Key Technologies 5: Intension Network
In the future 5G communication, the wireless communication network is moving towards network diversification, broadband, integration, intelligent direction. With the popularity of various intelligent terminals, the data flow will increase the growth of well. Future data services will be mainly distributed in indoor and hotspots, which makes super-intensive networks to achieve one of the main means of achieving 1000 times of traffic demand for future 5G.
Ultra-intensive networks can improve network coverage, greatly enhance system capacity, and deliver business, with more flexible network deployment and more efficient frequency multiplexes. In the future, a large bandwidth facing high-frequency band will adopt a more integrated network scheme, and the deployment of small cells / sectors will be up to 100 or more.
At the same time, increasing network deployment also makes the network topology more complex, and cell interference has become the main factor in restricting system capacity growth, which greatly reduces network energy efficiency. Interference elimination, cell quickly discovery, intensive small intervals, mobility enhancements based on terminal ability, are currently intensive network research hotspots.
Key Technologies 6: New Network Architecture
At present, the LTE access network uses a network flat architecture to reduce system delays, reducing the cost and maintenance cost of building network. Future 5G may adopt C-RAN access network architecture. C-RAN is a green wireless access network architecture based on centralized processing, collaborative radio and real-time cloud computing framework.
The basic idea of C-RAN is to deliver wireless signals directly between remote antennas and centralized central nodes to construct a hundred base station service area, or even hundreds of square kilometers. Access system. The C-RAN architecture is adapted to use synergistic technologies to reduce interference, reduce power consumption, increase spectrum efficiency, and easy to achieve dynamic intelligent networking, centralized processing facilitates reducing costs, facilitating maintenance, and reducing operational expenditure.
The current research content includes architecture and functionality of C-RAN, such as centralized control, baseband pool RRU interface definition, more closely collaboration based on C-RAN, such as base station clusters, virtual cells, etc.
Comprehensive construction facing 5G technical test assessment platform can provide efficient and objective assessment mechanisms for 5G technology, which is conducive to accelerating 5G research and industrialization process. The 5G test assessment platform will smoothly move on the basis of the existing certification system, so that the standardization and industrialization of the test platform is conducive to my country's participation in the future international 5G certification system, and build a shouting bridge for 5G technology.
The future intelligent laboratory is committed to studying the development trend of Internet and artificial intelligence, observing the level of artificial intelligence development, by the Internet evolution theory, the author of the computer, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Virtual Economics and Data Science Research Center, Qi Yong, and Liu Ying.
The main tasks of the future intelligent laboratory include establishing the AI intelligent system IQ evaluation system, carrying out world artificial intelligent IQ evaluation; carrying out the Internet (city) cloud brain research plan, build Internet (city) cloud brain technology and corporate map, to enhance the company, Industry and city intelligence level.
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