In this paper, for the key technologies of fifth generation mobile communications, a large-scale array antenna proposes an antenna system architecture, including dense radiation array, power network, coupling, blind plug connector, and transceiver units. Detailed introduction to each component of the 5G large-scale antenna system, proposes solving measures to the technical problems encountered in the technology development process, on this basis, discuss the development trend and optimization direction of the five-year-old large-scale antenna .
The huge demand for information data transmission has driven the continuous development of communication technology. Each mobile communication is upgraded, and the downstream rate is about 10 times. As a large-scale antenna technology in one of the 5G key technologies, the antenna array of tens or even hundreds of antenna size is arranged in the base station, and different beams are constructed towards multiple target customers through beam forming technologies. Interference between the various beams, this sufficient excavation of space resources, can effectively utilize valuable and scarce band resources and dozens of times to enhance network capacity [1-3]. At present, research on the 5G large-scale antenna has not yet formed a unified industry standard or national standard, which is different from the duration of the 5G system application period, product form and program. According to the multi-year research results, the author proposes a system architecture of a 5G large-scale antenna of SUB-6G and introduces its system components.
5G large-scale antenna system structure
As shown in Figure 1, a 5G large-scale antenna system architecture includes a dense radiation array, a power network, a coupling network, a blind plug connector, and a transceiver unit. The intensive radiation array is in accordance with a certain lateral spacing and longitudinal pitch array in accordance with a number of bipolarized radiation units. In order to reduce the interaction of the intensive group array, improve the direction of the direction and port isolation of each radio frequency channel, and the dense radiation array is designed with decoupling devices. The power network enables an excitation and amplitude configuration of a set of radiation units included in each unit module, and the number of radiation units excited by each set of power networks, and the radiation unit spacing determines the unit module gain. The RF channel includes a unit module, a power network, and a blind plug connector. In the case where the number of radio frequency channels is determined, the gain of the unit module, the horizontal and longitudinal spacing between the unit modules determine the gain of large-scale antenna machine. The coupling calibration network consists of a multi-channel coupler multi-stage integrated step, each set of directional coupler corresponding to a set of RF channels, and realizes accurate detection of the amplitude phase information of the RF channel. The role of the coupled calibration is to monitor the signal source of the transceiver to each RF channel, such as the amplitude detection value of a channel deviates from the preset value, then re-adjust the transmission unit through the system algorithm Power and phase. Thus, the working principle of the entire 5G antenna system is that the antenna RF channel (including a unit module of multiple radiating units) implements the transmission and reception of the wireless transmission signal; the transceiver unit implements transmitting and receiving the RF channel RF signal; coupling calibration network implementation pair The unit is transmitted to the transmit power and phase of each RF channel; thus, the system impeller algorithm implements the accurate 3-dimensional beam of large-scale antennas by adjusting the amplitude of the transmission and reception unit excitation to each unit module (RF channel). Direction and 3D scanning. To achieve the above 5G large-scale antenna function, it is necessary to accurately design the performance indicators of each of its structures.
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