"From 2020 to 2034, in 15 years, the utilization of millimeter wave spectrum resources is expected to drive global GDP growth of $ 565 billion." Global Mobile Communications System Association (GSMA) Chief Supervisor John Giusti is in 2019 When the Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-19) is written, it describes the broad prospect of 5G millimeter wave business.
The millimeter wave, that is, the electromagnetic wave between 1 to 10 mm, usually corresponding to the radio spectrum between 30 GHz to 300 GHz. This part of the spectrum has a continuously available large bandwidth, which can meet the 5G system to transmit demand for large-capacity and extremely high rates.
In the middle and low frequency bands (6GHz or less), the millimeter wave band becomes a new continent that supports and guarantees the long-term development of 5G hotspots. The 1.13 issue of the WRC-19 conference is to fully explore this new continent, 5G to 5G in several candidate bands in several candidate bands in the 24.25GHz to 86GHz band. However, in the range of 24.25 GHz ~ 86GHz, there is also a variety of radio services such as satellite communication, earth resources and climate change monitoring and radio astronomy. To this end, the task of the issue also includes modifying relevant international rules or formulating protection measures, avoiding interference between 5G business and the above radio business, creating a harmonious co-container, and developing a wireless business ecosystem. .
Whether it is the determination of the 5G millimeter wave band, it is also the revision of the international rules, and even the protection measures, the results will have a far-reaching impact on the information and communication technology industry of tens of trillion US dollars. Therefore, at the WRC-19 conference, the 5G millimeter wave is the top priority of the world and international organizations, and they have also become the main battlefields of their mutual game.
After the exchange, discussion and consultation of the first week of the meeting, discussion and consultation with the parties around the topic, collide with the topic, to 26GHz band (24.25GHz ~ 27.5GHz), 40GHz band (37GHz ~ 43.5GHz), and 66GHz ~ 71GHz All of the bands all or partially identified IMT basically form a consensus, but the focus of the debate is mainly concentrated on these three frequency bands.
26GHz frequency band: Is the outer radio frequency limit be wide or strict?
"In more than ten candidate bands, the 26GHz band (24.25GHz ~ 27.5GHz) has the advantages of low frequency, large bandwidth, and relatively small equipment. It is the 'fragrant' of the global 5G industry." China The main person in charge of the 5G millimeter wave issue, Dr. Wang Tan, the national radio monitoring center, said. At present, the world has reached a consensus on the 24.25GHz to 27.5GHz to the global unified 5G band, but because the band is adjacent to the satellite global probe business (passive business), it is possible to cause interference to him, so the industry hopes to pass technical means. Reduce the possibility of interference. "Develop unwanted RF limit outside the world's unified 5G base station, which is an important technical means to reduce the possibility of the 5G system interference, and an important task for the WRC-19 5G millimeter wave." Wang Dan said.
23.6GHz ~ 24GHz is a unique band of global satellite global observations, such as the United Nations Satellite Systems and European Meteorological Services Satellites, and European Meteorological Services Satellites, in this frequency band, and accordingly Provide a weekly weather forecast, but also provides important information for predicting hurricane strength and its landing locations. Some meteorologists are worried that 5G-related interference will affect water vapor data collection, causing accuracy of weather forecasting, and adversely affects national defense, fisheries, agriculture and even public safety.
"This is a summary interference scene, the satellite system is deployed in heaven, that is to say that only the world's large-scale deployment of 5G base station can verify that its substance generated by the satellite system." Wang Tan said that it is difficult to be like ground platforms The interference test between a small number of stations can only be calculated by the theoretical simulation to calculate an unusless radio frequency limit of 5G base station. Due to the different calculation methods, the results of the research are also different, coupled with the difference in the development strategy of countries in various countries, so countries with unusless radiofrequency limit in 5G base stations have a large difference.
"The bigger the limit, the more relaxed. The smaller the limit, the more strict technical indicators." Wang Tan explained. In order to minimize the difficulty of research and development of 5G millimeter wave, the United States is relatively loose in the formulation of unusless radio frequency limit in the convention in the convention, and is -28 dBW / 200MHz. Russia's unusless radio frequency limit in the submitted conference is most demanding, and is -49 dBW / 200MHz, and some test data is provided. European countries represented by France are relatively stricter than the limiting of the protection of European meteorological services. Africa and the Arab region are relatively relatively relatively relatively relatively relatively relatively relatively relatively relatively relatively weak to meteorological satellite industries.
In my country, in China, it shows that ITU-R proposed foundations, simulation conditions, need to be properly tight of existing IMT base stations and terminals; but considering that IMT antenna is still a certain extent The beam excipient effect, the ultimate adjacent frequency band external indicator can be reduced.
Wang Tan pointed out that "Don't underestimate this small limit, the more the limit is more strict, the increase in the investment investment of equipment devices, the increase in networking costs, the frequency protection band is increased, thus related to the development of the entire 5G industry." The more losing the limit value will bring interference hidden dangers to the neighborhood meteorological service. On the side of the relationship industry, it is a problem with how human observations is natural, how to reach a consensus is a problem.
In addition, there is another important difference in the 26GHz band, which is to protect the inner satellite fixed business and satellite business, may need to be limited to 5G base stations deployment and inner raccouver indicators. At present, the General Assembly has not been discussed in detail.
40GHz frequency band: full-band logo or part of the frequency band is clear?
The 40GHz band (37 GHz ~ 43.5GHz) is also the IMT potential frequency band in the world 's nationalities. In fact, this part of the spectrum is subtracted into three consecutive frequency bands, respectively, 37 GHz ~ 40.5 GHz, 40.5 GHz ~ 42.5 GHz, 42.5 GHz ~ 43.5 GHz. Unlike the technical differences between the 26GHz band, the parties of the General Assembly around the 40GHz band are in that the three bands are identified by IMT, or only to clear one?
Some countries have insisted that all spectral resources of 6.5g bandwidth of the bandwidth are used for IMT, and countries can choose all or a frequency band they can be used for 5G. There is also a part of the country that it can identify one of the frequencies, but there is also differences in specific identification. One point is to identify 40.5GHz to 43.5 GHz for IMT, and another view is considered to be 40.5GHz ~ 42.5GHz can identify for IMT.
Within 40 GHz frequency band, there is also a variety of radio services such as satellite fixing business, satellite mobile business, satellite global exploration, satellite broadcasting, radio positioning business, radio astronomy, space research. "Our country's point is to identify 40.5GHz ~ 43.5 GHz for IMT." Wang Tan said, "China hopes that the space and ground industry is balanced, while promoting 5G development, the development space for the satellite industry and protecting other radio business It is equally important. "
66GHz ~ 71GHz: Give IMT or give wireless LAN?
According to the International Telecom Alliance, on the 66GHz ~ 71GHz band, there is already the main partition, but the world has not been consensus on 5G.
At the WRC-19 conference, some countries insist on against the 66GHz to 71GHz identification for IMT. In order to support the development of wireless local area networks, some countries have placed 64GHz to 71GHz bands to broadband wireless communication systems in the country with frequently managed models in China. Other countries maintain the attitude of technological neutrality, it is believed that the band can be identified for 5G, but it is possible to freely select the frequency band for 5G or wireless local area network when the internal division frequency is specifically to each country.
"In fact, 5G and Radio Administration Networks are two different technologies. Experience shows that the use scenarios of the two are relatively close, and it may be difficult to share." Wang Tan explained, "in order to further speed up the development of 5G industry development, my country believes should be 66GHz ~ 71GHz frequency band identification for 5G, and at this stage does not consider problems shared with wireless local area network technology to give sufficient signals to the 5G industry in the world. "
It is foreseeable that in the next time, countries and regional organizations will also spread around the 5G millimeter wave. "My delegation will fully express the views in accordance with the established plan, and will actively carry out exchanges, and do their best to strive to understand and support, and safeguard the spectrum rights of my country in millimeter waves." Wang Dan said.
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