"With the increasing scale of low-power Internet of things devices, people began to try a new green Internet of things model - battery free environmental protection scheme based on energy collection. The so-called energy collection refers to the collection and storage of external sources, such as solar energy or non polluting renewable resources such as light energy, heat energy and kinetic energy, for low-power electronic system power supply, Just like a self generating wireless doorbell product disassembled by Aiban network some time ago, its way of collecting energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction to realize wireless communication without the help of external power supply brightens people's eyes and solves the defect that the battery needs to be replaced once and for all. It can be predicted that the energy collection scheme will play an extremely important role in the future low-power equipment, so today the author will throw a brick to attract jade. With the help of the s6sae101a00sa1002 solar powered IOT device kit of cypress, we will discuss this very common solar energy collection scheme with you.
From the naming of the s6sae101a00sa1002 solar powered IOT device kit development kit, it is not difficult to find that it is a set of energy collection scheme based on solar energy, and the kit itself is mainly based on low-power Bluetooth communication, which is a true Internet of things scheme based on energy collection.
The kit itself is not very complex. It mainly includes a motherboard, a USB dongle board and a solar panel. However, some accessories are rarely equipped with resistance and capacitance elements in other kits. It is estimated that they are used to test the power of solar panels.
The solar panel in the kit is connected to the mainboard for power supply. Of course, the mainboard is also equipped with a 5V MINIUSB interface for power supply, which can switch different power supply modes through the on-board jump cap. The USB dongle board is connected to the PC end, and can communicate with the mainboard through Bluetooth with the software at the PC end. The previous PSoC 4 ble development kit has introduced the USB dongle board, Those who are interested can go and have a look first.
The energy collection scheme of the whole s6sae101a00sa1002 solar powered IOT device kit is mainly arranged on the motherboard. The core chip of energy collection adopts s6sae101a PMIC of cypress, which is a power management chip integrating energy collection, storage and output. It is only 3mm * 3mm in size and packaged in son-10, It plays an extremely important role in the power supply system of the whole motherboard. See the following hardware system block diagram of the motherboard.
As can be seen from the above figure, the energy collection chip s6sae101a on the motherboard supports not only solar energy collection, but also battery powered or piezoelectric energy collection (which is similar to the energy collection method of self generating doorbell).
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Cypress energy collection PMIC s6sae101a can be said to have a very strong integration. It integrates output power control circuit, output capacitor storage circuit and power switch circuit, as long as it is connected to an energy collection front end (such as solar panel, piezoelectric switch, etc.) The output load (such as low-power wireless communication scheme) forms a complete energy collection system (EHS). Taking this development kit as an example, the solar panel continuously or indirectly receives weak energy, converts the energy through PMIC s6sae101a, stores it in the capacitor, and then the output end is connected to the load part of the system, This provides the hardware system with the power required for operation. The system block diagram is shown below.
Cypress s6sae101a features:
Input power source selection: solar or battery
Input voltage range: 2.0V ~ 5.5V
The output voltage is adjustable, and the output voltage range is 1.1V ~ 5.2v
Low current consumption: 250na
Minimum starting input power: 1.2uw
Overvoltage protection voltage: 5.4v
In addition, we also look at some other resources on the board. We have to say that the design of the main board is very compact, with a size of only 45mm * 25MM, which is the size of some development board modules we usually see. The board adopts MINIUSB cable or solar panel for power supply. The core communication scheme adopts cypress's own cyble-022001-00 low-power Bluetooth module. Generally speaking, this is a network node scheme of the Internet of things. The key is to use solar energy to replace the traditional battery power supply. This design effectively solves the defect that it is difficult for sensor nodes to replace the battery, resulting in limited service life.
On board resources of the motherboard:
Energy collection power management IC (s6ae101a)
Proc module of ez-ble (cyble-022001-00)
USB serial port converter IC (cy7c65213)
LDO is USB bus power supply (mb39c022g)
Temperature and humidity sensor (si7020-a10)
Vibration energy input of diode bridge (1ss383)
MINIUSB connector
Select the power supply skip cap
Miniprog3 EZ ble programming and debugging interface
Energy collection power management IC 10PIN expansion interface
Ez-ble module 10PIN extension interface
USB power indicator, status indicator
Ez-ble reset key
It is worth mentioning that the back of the motherboard is also reserved with button batteries and pads for solar panel interface, which is convenient for engineers to directly prototype the motherboard or join existing projects.
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In addition to the energy collection system circuit, another important circuit of the motherboard is cypress's own low-power Bluetooth module ez-ble pres module cyble-022001-00. On the surface, the deepest impression is that the Bluetooth module is very small, only 10mm * 10mm, almost only 1 / 3 of the current dime. The module is based on arm Cortex-M0 processor and supports 1.9V ~ 5.5V wide voltage power supply.
Ez-ble proc module cyble-022001-00 features:
32-bit arm Cortex-M0 microcontroller, supporting up to 48mhz dominant frequency
128 KB flash memory, 16 KB SRAM
Wide voltage power supply 1.9V ~ 5.5V
Support Bluetooth 4.1 standard, receive sensitivity: - 91dbm, transmit power: up to + 3dbm
CapSense touch controller
Two serial communication modules, which can be configured as UART, I2C, SPI and I2S, and support up to 23gpios
One 12 bit 1 MSPs SAR ADC, 4 timers / counters / PWMs
Onboard 24MHz, 32.768KHz crystal oscillator, 2.4 ~ 2.5GHz antenna
Let's take another look at the USB dongle, another development board in the suite. This board mainly cooperates with the software on the PC to realize pairing communication with the Bluetooth module on the motherboard. This "brother" is often seen in other development kits of cypress. I won't repeat the introduction here. If you want to know, you can click the cy8ckit-042-ble evaluation article.
The hardware block diagram of USB dongle transceiver is as follows:
Power on Development
After basically understanding the hardware circuit and working principle of the whole kit, let's actually have a look. The default factory program of the kit is that the motherboard transmits the collected information data (temperature and humidity) to the USB dongle board through solar power supply, which is similar to the node acquisition data transmission application in the Internet of things.
The first thing to do is to go to cypress's official website to download and install a data package of this energy collection ble development kit.
A PMIC software program is included in the data package, which can receive sensor data from the motherboard node through USB dongle.
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Before power on, first measure the power of the solar panel. The voltage measured under the normal fluorescent lamp is about 5.5V.
If you cover the solar panel with something, the voltage will drop sharply.
The current is tested with the resistance (10 Ω) provided in the kit. The current under normal fluorescent lamp is about 87.7ua. If you directly use the flash on the mobile phone camera, it can reach hundreds of Ma. Of course, this situation is special and is not a real environment experience.
Then, the power MPP (maximum power point) of the solar panel should be calculated as the product of 80% of the maximum voltage and 80% of the maximum current, so the data measured under the fluorescent lamp above should be equal to 80% * 5.49 * 80% * 87.8 = 308.5uw.
OK, after the measurement, we connect the solar panel to the main board. Pay attention to the signal definition of the pin for the connection between the main board and the solar panel, indicating that the signal of solar + is connected to the positive pole (red line) of the solar panel.
After the whole hardware system is built, it can work. It should be noted that when the main board uses the solar panel for power supply, it should switch the corresponding power supply and select the jumping cap.
Open the PMIC software and set the corresponding serial port. The software can display the corresponding data collected from the motherboard, including temperature and humidity data, signal strength and distance. The following table is the collected temperature data.
Humidity data.
Distance data between motherboard and USB dongle. In fact, the measurement of this data is judged by RSSI signal index. That's how we judge the distance of intelligent product terminals such as Bluetooth loss preventer. Is it very simple.
In the whole experiment, we see that the motherboard is completely powered by solar panels, relying on cypress's PMIC S6sae101a + Low Power Bluetooth module ez-ble pres module cyble-022001-00 can carry out complete Bluetooth communication. As an evaluation kit, this is already a rare learning and development platform, and the motherboard of the kit is also compatible with button battery holder. If the standby battery power supply mode is added, it will complement the energy collection scheme. Even developing products based on the motherboard prototype is very good.
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Original statement: This article is original by Aiban. Reprint is declined“
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