Newborns sneaked into our lives. The speed of our lives is getting more than the original cognitive and expectations. 3D printing, this book has been born 30 years, but it has not been warm and fired, and now, under the guidance of industrial 4.0 and intelligent manufacturing strategic background, it has triggered from listed companies to school teaching, and even the personal entrepreneurial level. Warm chase.
3D print status
As one of the most important technologies of industrial 4.0, 3D printing has been described in the global development speed. However, it should be noted that from economic and technical perspectives, its positioning is supplemented and perfect for existing manufacturing processes, rather than subversion to traditional manufacturing industries.
At the same time, the performance of 3D printing materials is not stable enough, and the generality of the material is relatively poor, the cost is high, and the 3D printing is further developed in the industry.
At present, China's 3D printing has been preliminary in the fields of aerospace, automobile, biomedical, cultural and creative, but has a distance of achieving large-scale industrialization, engineering applications.
Compared with the lively consumer 3D printer, the production and application of the industrial machine should be cleared. The 'high-precision' industrial market is limited, and 3D printing in other industrial sectors has not yet been spread. China's current 90% of 3D print companies is a desktop machine that prints "gadgets", and the competition of industrial 3D printers has not yet begun.
There is less material variety, expensive, low performance, is the key to restricting industrial grade 3D printing applications. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Supply and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Finance (2015-2016) ", will strive to break through the manufacture of additive manufacturing (ie 3D print), encourage advantageous materials manufacturers to engage in addition to manufacturing Material R & D and production, as the first step in the propulsion plan.
With the introduction of the first 3D print national policy, 3D printing in the industrial sector has once again triggered the industry's attention.
High-precious field "taste sweet"
Satellite can reduce the launch cost of $ 100,000 per weight loss. By using a 3D printing part of the network, the weight loss of satellites has reached 30%, far exceeds 13% expectations.
The large industrial grade 3D printer developed by Huazhong University of Science and Technology, this appearance looks like a 3D printer like a big cabinet, which is equivalent to a precision instrument equivalent to a manufacturing workshop, and inputs a 3D data of the object and press "Print" button. After that, this "manufacturing workshop" can print out industrial grade parts within a few hours.
In the application of 3D print industry, the aerospace industry has begun to use.
At the same time, 3D printing has a unique advantage in the shape of complex structure. In the past, the designer in the past is designed to consider the process, otherwise it will not be able to do it when it is manufactured in the workshop. But now you can print out 3D as long as you think is reasonable.
Can do some traditional crafts that are hard to do "形 状"
In fact, everyone can see 3D print apps are just the corner of the iceberg, and some military fields have been used early. Moreover, such as aerospace, high-precision fields are not sensitive to cost, and the parts are mostly small batch production, which is justified with the characteristics of 3D printing.
"The National Admittance Manufacturing Industry Development Promotion Program (2015-2016)" has clearly produced high-end equipment manufacturing and repair of aerospace manufacturing as an important technical means of high-end equipment manufacturing and repair of aerospace manufacturing. Combined with major engineering needs, in the key areas of domestic security and market potential, the market potential and the wide range of applications, and the important industrial chain links are taken to break through, and it is also one of the basic principles of national development additive manufacturing.
The 3D print application in the aerospace field is hot, but many technologies are still touched by the river in practical applications. Some parts can be printed with 3D, but the temperature and exercise conditions at the part are changed, and it is not necessarily. It's like being the technology mature, but I will do it, but I can't do it, the fire, the manner needs to explore.
Material is also expensive and less
3D printing belongs to the field of additives, so the material development is the material foundation of 3D printing, and the material development determines the application range of 3D printing. However, 3D printing materials are difficult to meet demand. At present, there are more than 100 materials manufactured by add materials, and the materials manufactured by conventional grounding materials, and the materials manufactured by the equation have tens of thousands. This has led to a large joint surface of 3D printing and industrial applications, and the 'calling will not be called a situation.
Second, the performance of the material is not stable, and the versatility of the material is relatively poor, the cost is high, which has a further development of 3D printing in industrial applications.
Take the most use of the most titanium alloy material in 3D print industrial applications as an example, the price of one kilogram is about 2000 to 3,000 yuan. This means that it is necessary to spend more than 20 kilograms of parts to spend 56,000 yuan, and the traditional foundry can get a few hundred yuan, which makes 3D printing in other industrial fields other than "high-precision". Come.
3D printing material is best to drop to a few hundred yuan a pound, otherwise it is too expensive to use it. In addition, the richness of materials is also difficult in their team in practice. Many materials are difficult to do anti-fatigue and high temperature durability of industrial demand, many applications are not open.
The pot bowl is there, but the price of the price of Chai Mi oil is still lacking.
Where is the material cost? Industry insiders pointed out that the industry's investment in 3D printing materials is not enough, the material market has not yet formed full competition. Many 3D print giants are doing equipment and materials, materials and equipment bundled sales, relatively closed systems lead to difficult costs.
"Our present feelings are, cheap materials can't do things, and can have the price of people."
In the "China Manufacturing 2025" plan released in May May, 5 mentioned 3D printing and listed it as one of the 10 key areas to break through. In recent years, the international 3D printing industrial-grade equipment merchants and materials sales have increased, and the industrial applications that are considered 3D printing have come to explosive critical points.
As one of the global metal 3D printing equipment giants, the changes in the sales data of Germany EOS have a password of industry trends. The sales of 3D printing equipment currently used for plastic processing accounts for two-thirds, but the growth of metal printing equipment is far away. Super plastic, very fast metal equipment sales accounts for more than 50%. It is also printed with 3D printing, and the 3D print is truly turned on the logo of industrialization.
Another 3D printed raw material company, titanium powder material giant Canada AP & C sales continuously in 50% -60% growth, more ambitious to the Chinese market, they are investing in China to achieve localized production Way, further reduce the price of 3D printing metal powder material
There are signs that the 3D printed upstream technology is increasingly mature, and downstream applications are also expanded. But it is also necessary to see that global equipment companies are mainly non-metallic, desktop 3D printers, companies that do metal 3D printing equipment are less than 10.
The final core competitiveness of the 3D print industry will be in the industrial field. In the 5 years, the 3D printing industry will implement the transition from the consumer level to industrial application, mainly from non-metallic 3D printing equipment.
Companies who are doing metal 3D equipment around the world will reach 30, China will generate 10
In the future, can 3D printing "to play the world"? The professor of Tsinghua University, who is engaged in 3D Printed R & D, does not think so, this old man known as China 3D prints said that 3D printing is not an alternative technology, but supplementing the lack of traditional manufacturing technology, its development The direction should be combined with traditional techniques.
In fact, one of the key means of breaking through material restrictions is to fully combine with the traditional industry, and should be used to promote significant applications in the 3D print industry. 3D printing and traditional casting technology can make up the 3D printing toughness and disadvantage of breaking. "Especially in terms of heavy, large equipment manufacturing, 3D printing can drive large-effects in large projects." 3D printing will be applied in nuclear power equipment manufacturing
If the material utilization rate of the steel ingot is only 20% by the traditional path; if it is printed with heavy 3D print + traditional forging, the manufacturing cycle can be reduced to the past 1/3, and the material utilization will be increased to 80%.
Conclusion
Today's 3D print is like the Internet, front-end technology, hardware has accumulated to a certain level in the 1990s. Once developed, the latter application scale and output value will explode an incredible huge energy.
However, the 3D printing technology of the traditional manufacturing concept is subsequent, and it is also a bit like a maritime building in the face of the future inappropriate market space, "can't see it." Behind the embarrassment, how to better integrate into the modern industrial production system is still a frustrating challenge, and the 3D printing technology itself requires a huge improving communication world network in terms of equipment quality, material properties and service extensions.
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