Tips to solve the delay problem of the live broadcast software system

As the saying goes, "skillful work can catch lions, but reckless work is hard to catch crickets." That is to say, you need to pay attention to methods and not recklessly. This principle also applies in the process of developing live broadcast software systems. We all know that delay is equivalent to "fatal damage" for live streaming apps. If you don't overcome this, you won't be able to survive in the mighty Internet army. So in order to deal with this problem, we can briefly summarize a few tips on low-latency optimization.

1. Optimization of transmission protocol

If the terminal user uses the RTMP protocol to play, he needs to go to the node close to the push end for transcoding, so that the transmitted video stream will be smaller than the original video stream. Try to use RTMP for transmission between nodes on the server side to reduce the overall transmission delay. If necessary, you can also use a customized UDP protocol to avoid packet loss and retransmission in a weak network environment, thereby reducing delay. However, there are two shortcomings of this protocol: one is that it is prone to vases caused by packet loss or lack of key frame decoding reference, and the other is that the transmission and distribution of video streams are not universal. The CDN vendors on the market support standard transmission protocols, so the party that needs to customize the UDP protocol should do a good job of packet loss control on the basis of UDP.

2. Optimization of playback in push streaming

The buffer control of the player has a great influence on the first opening delay of the video. If only the first opening delay is optimized, it needs to be decoded immediately after the data arrives under the condition of zero buffering. However, in order to eliminate the impact of network jitter in a weak network environment, it is necessary to set up a certain cache and then find a balance between the stability of the live broadcast and the optimization of the first opening delay. Therefore, we can use a very small or zero cache method when the player is turned on, and determine the cache size of the next time segment by the time it takes to download the first video. At the same time, we can monitor the current network in real time during the playback process and adjust the playback process. The size of the cache in. This method can not only reduce the initial opening time, but also eliminate the influence of network jitter to a great extent. In addition to adjusting the size of the buffer, real-time monitoring of the network information can also be used to dynamically adjust the bit rate during playback, and then reduce the bit rate for playback when the bandwidth is insufficient, reducing delay.

3. Optimization of transmission network

When developing a live broadcast software system, the node of the server will cache the current GOP and then cooperate with the player to optimize the first opening time of the video. Most servers will record the bit rate and frame rate of each link in real time for each video stream, so as to monitor the fluctuation of the bit rate and frame rate in real time. The client can obtain the most current nodes and failures by querying. Of nodes or lines.

4. Optimization of coding

Encoders usually have code control to cause delay, so the bit rate can be set a little lower to reduce the delay without affecting the video quality. The fixed bit rate coding CBR can eliminate the influence of network jitter to a certain extent, and save network bandwidth and reduce delay.

When developing a live broadcast software system, it is necessary to achieve low latency without affecting the user experience. Therefore, optimizing the delay in the live broadcast process also requires different skills. Regardless of the technique, the ultimate goal is to improve user experience, increase user stickiness, and achieve long-term development.

 

 

 

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